Published Online
on June 9, 2005

A more recent version of this article appeared on July 1, 2005

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Submitted on March 30, 2005
Revised on April 20, 2005
Accepted on April 21, 2005

Plasma B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels Are Associated With Early Cardiac Dysfunction After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Poyee P. Tung MD; Elise Olmsted MA; Alexander Kopelnik MD; Nader M. Banki MD; Barbara J. Drew RN, PhD; Nerissa Ko MD; Michael T. Lawton MD; Wade Smith MD, PhD; Elyse Foster MD; William L. Young MD; and Jonathan G. Zaroff MD^*

From the Division of Cardiology (P.P.T., A.K., N.M.B., E.F., J.G.Z.), General Clinical Research Center (E.O.), the Department of Physiological Nursing (B.J.D.), the Department of Neurology (N.K., W.S., W.L.Y.), and the Department of Neurological Surgery (M.T.L.), University of California, San Francisco.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Zaroff{at}medicine.ucsf.edu.

Background and Purpose--Serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is elevated after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), as well as in the setting of congestive heart failure and myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to prospectively quantify the relationship between BNP levels and cardiac outcomes after SAH.

Methods--Plasma was collected for BNP measurements as soon as possible after enrollment; a mean of 5±4 days after SAH symptom onset. On days 1, 3, and 6 after enrollment, troponin I (cTi) was measured and 2-dimensional echocardiography was performed. The following cardiac variables were collected and treated dichotomously: left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA), diastolic dysfunction, pulmonary edema, and cTi.

Results--There were 57 subjects. The median BNP level was 141 pg/mL (range, 0.8 to 3330 pg/mL). Higher mean BNP levels were present in those with RWMA (550 versus 261 pg/mL; P=0.012), diastolic dysfunction (360 versus 44; P=0.011), pulmonary edema (719 versus 204; P=0.016), elevated cTi (662 versus 240; P=0.004), and LVEF <50% (644 versus 281; P=0.015).

Conclusion--Early after SAH, elevated BNP levels are associated with myocardial necrosis, pulmonary edema, and both systolic and diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle. These findings support the hypothesis that the heart releases BNP into the systemic circulation early after SAH.

Key words: aneurysm • echocardiography • natriuretic peptides, atrial • stroke • sympathetic nervous system

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Editorial Comment—Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Early Cardiac Dysfunction After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

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