Stroke, Vol 17, 738-743, Copyright © 1986 by American Heart Association
ST Chen, CY Hsu, EL Hogan, H Maricq and JD Balentine
In the search for a more reproducible focal ischemic stroke model in the
rat, we systematically interrupted blood flow to the right middle cerebral
artery territory by ligating the right middle cerebral artery, and the
right and left common carotid arteries in succession. Using a laser-Doppler
flowmeter, we found that the relative surface blood flow in cerebral cortex
supplied by the right middle cerebral artery decreased to 62, 48, and 18%
of baseline respectively after successive ligation of the right middle
cerebral artery, and the right and left common carotid arteries. A focal
infarct in the cerebral cortex supplied by the right middle cerebral artery
was consistently noted after ligation of the right middle cerebral and the
right common carotid arteries and temporary clip occlusion of the left
common carotid artery for 60 min. The surface areas of infarction measured
100 +/- 6 mm2 and the maximal cross-sectional area of infarction was 10.4
+/- 1.1 mm2 (N = 10). The mortality rate was 7% (N = 70). The
characteristic changes of ischemic necrosis were limited to the cortex with
sparing of subcortical structures. No motor deficits occurred. Occlusion of
the right middle cerebral artery alone or together with the right common
carotid artery did not consistently cause gross infarction and the maximal
cross-sectional area of infarction was smaller (the right middle cerebral
artery, 1.7 +/- 0.8 mm2, N = 10; the right middle cerebral artery plus the
right common carotid artery, 4.8 +/- 1.9 mm2, N = 10). Permanent ligation
of the right middle cerebral artery and both common carotid arteries had a
high mortality (60% in 3 days, N = 10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ARTICLES
A model of focal ischemic stroke in the rat: reproducible extensive cortical infarction
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  W.-C. Shyu, S.-Z. Lin, P.-S. Yen, C.-Y. Su, D.-C. Chen, H.-J. Wang, and H. Li Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1{alpha} Promotes Neuroprotection, Angiogenesis, and Mobilization/Homing of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells in Stroke Rats J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., February 1, 2008; 324(2): 834 - 849. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Hashimoto, L. Zhao, and T. S. Nowak Jr Temporal Thresholds for Infarction and Hypothermic Protection in Long-Evans Rats: Factors Affecting Apparent 'Reperfusion Injury' After Transient Focal Ischemia Stroke, February 1, 2008; 39(2): 421 - 426. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.-C. Shyu, C.-P. Chen, S.-Z. Lin, Y.-J. Lee, and H. Li Efficient Tracking of Non-Iron-Labeled Mesenchymal Stem Cells With Serial MRI in Chronic Stroke Rats Stroke, February 1, 2007; 38(2): 367 - 374. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. M. Papadopoulos, S.-Y. Tsai, J. L. Cheatwood, M. R. Bollnow, B. E. Kolb, M. E. Schwab, and G. L. Kartje Dendritic Plasticity in the Adult Rat Following Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Nogo-A Neutralization Cereb Cortex, April 1, 2006; 16(4): 529 - 536. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W.-C. Shyu, S.-Z. Lin, M.-F. Chiang, C.-Y. Su, and H. Li Intracerebral peripheral blood stem cell (CD34+) implantation induces neuroplasticity by enhancing beta1 integrin-mediated angiogenesis in chronic stroke rats. J. Neurosci., March 29, 2006; 26(13): 3444 - 3453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Zhao, T. Shimohata, J. Q. Wang, G. Sun, D. W. Schaal, R. M. Sapolsky, and G. K. Steinberg Akt Contributes to Neuroprotection by Hypothermia against Cerebral Ischemia in Rats J. Neurosci., October 19, 2005; 25(42): 9794 - 9806. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Gascon, R. Deogracias, M. Sobrado, J. M. Roda, J. Renart, A. Rodriguez-Pena, and M. Diaz-Guerra Transcription of the NR1 Subunit of the N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Is Down-regulated by Excitotoxic Stimulation and Cerebral Ischemia J. Biol. Chem., October 14, 2005; 280(41): 35018 - 35027. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.-C. Shyu, S.-Z. Lin, M.-F. Chiang, D.-C. Ding, K.-W. Li, S.-F. Chen, H.-I Yang, and H. Li Overexpression of PrPC by Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Targeting Reduces Ischemic Injury in a Stroke Rat Model J. Neurosci., September 28, 2005; 25(39): 8967 - 8977. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W.-C. Shyu, S.-Z. Lin, H.-I Yang, Y.-S. Tzeng, C.-Y. Pang, P.-S. Yen, and H. Li Functional Recovery of Stroke Rats Induced by Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor-Stimulated Stem Cells Circulation, September 28, 2004; 110(13): 1847 - 1854. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Yao, H. Sugimori, K. Fukuda, J. Takada, H. Ooboshi, T. Kitazono, S. Ibayashi, and M. Iida Photothrombotic Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion Laser System in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Stroke, November 1, 2003; 34(11): 2716 - 2721. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Wang, C.-F. Chang, M. Morales, Y.-H. Chiang, B. K. Harvey, T.-P. Su, L.-I Tsao, S. Chen, and C. Thiemermann Diadenosine Tetraphosphate Protects against Injuries Induced by Ischemia and 6-Hydroxydopamine in Rat Brain J. Neurosci., August 27, 2003; 23(21): 7958 - 7965. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Wei, S. P. Yu, F. Gottron, B. J. Snider, G. J. Zipfel, and D. W. Choi Potassium Channel Blockers Attenuate Hypoxia- and Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Death In Vitro and In Vivo Stroke, May 1, 2003; 34(5): 1281 - 1286. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T.-n. Lin, G.-M. Kim, J.-J. Chen, W.-M. Cheung, Y. Y. He, and C. Y. Hsu Differential Regulation of Thrombospondin-1 and Thrombospondin-2 After Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Stroke, January 1, 2003; 34(1): 177 - 186. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. J. Solenski, C. G. diPierro, P. A. Trimmer, A.-L. Kwan, and G. A. Helms Ultrastructural Changes of Neuronal Mitochondria After Transient and Permanent Cerebral Ischemia Stroke, March 1, 2002; 33(3): 816 - 824. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Ueno, S. Takamoto, T. Miyairi, T. Morota, K. Shibata, A. Murakami, and Y. Kotsuka Arterial blood gas management in retrograde cerebral perfusion: the importance of carbon dioxide Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., November 1, 2001; 20(5): 979 - 985. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Watanabe, J. R. Hoffman, R. L. Craik, P. J. Hand, S. E. Croul, M. Reivich, and J. H. Greenberg A New Model of Localized Ischemia in Rat Somatosensory Cortex Produced by Cortical Compression Stroke, November 1, 2001; 32(11): 2615 - 2623. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Chen, C.-J. Hu, Y. Y. He, D.-I Yang, J. Xu, and C. Y. Hsu Reduction and Restoration of Mitochondrial DNA Content After Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Stroke, October 1, 2001; 32(10): 2382 - 2387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Wang, C.-F. Chang, M. Morales, J. Chou, H.-L. Chen, Y.-H. Chiang, S.-Z. Lin, J. L. Cadet, X. Deng, J.-Y. Wang, et al. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-6 Reduces Ischemia-Induced Brain Damage in Rats Stroke, September 1, 2001; 32(9): 2170 - 2178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Wang, T. Hayashi, C.-F. Chang, Y.-H. Chiang, L.-I Tsao, T.-P. Su, C. Borlongan, and S.-Z. Lin Methamphetamine Potentiates Ischemia/Reperfusion Insults After Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Ligation Stroke, March 1, 2001; 32(3): 775 - 782. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Numagami and S. T. Ohnishi S-Allylcysteine Inhibits Free Radical Production, Lipid Peroxidation and Neuronal Damage in Rat Brain Ischemia J. Nutr., March 1, 2001; 131(3): 1100S - 1105. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Yanamoto, I. Nagata, Y. Niitsu, Z. Zhang, J.-H. Xue, N. Sakai, H. Kikuchi, and C. Iadecola Prolonged Mild Hypothermia Therapy Protects the Brain Against Permanent Focal Ischemia Editorial Comment Stroke, January 1, 2001; 32(1): 232 - 239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Osuga, S. Osuga, F. Wang, R. Fetni, M. J. Hogan, R. S. Slack, A. M. Hakim, J.-E Ikeda, and D. S. Park Cyclin-dependent kinases as a therapeutic target for stroke PNAS, August 10, 2000; (2000) 170144197. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Wang, W. Hu, A. D. Perez-Trepichio, T. C. Ng, A. J. Furlan, A. W. Majors, S. C. Jones, and E. C. Haley Jr Brain Tissue Sodium Is a Ticking Clock Telling Time After Arterial Occlusion in Rat Focal Cerebral Ischemia Editorial Comment Stroke, June 1, 2000; 31(6): 1386 - 1392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. CUI, E. H. HOLMES, T. G. GREENE, and P. K. LIU Oxidative DNA damage precedes DNA fragmentation after experimental stroke in rat brain FASEB J, May 1, 2000; 14(7): 955 - 967. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Lipton Ischemic Cell Death in Brain Neurons Physiol Rev, October 1, 1999; 79(4): 1431 - 1568. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-Z. Lin, B. J. Hoffer, P. Kaplan, Y. Wang, and C. Y. Hsu Osteogenic Protein-1 Protects Against Cerebral Infarction Induced by MCA Ligation in Adult Rats • Editorial Comment Stroke, January 1, 1999; 30(1): 126 - 133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. P. Stroemer, T. A. Kent, C. E. Hulsebosch, and D. M. Feeney Enhanced Neocortical Neural Sprouting, Synaptogenesis, and Behavioral Recovery With D-Amphetamine Therapy After Neocortical Infarction in Rats • Editorial Comment Stroke, November 1, 1998; 29(11): 2381 - 2395. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Schmid-Elsaesser, S. Zausinger, E. Hungerhuber, A. Baethmann, H.-J. Reulen, and J. H. Garcia A Critical Reevaluation of the Intraluminal Thread Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia : Evidence of Inadvertent Premature Reperfusion and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry • Editorial Comment: Evidence of Inadvertent Premature Reperfusion and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry Stroke, October 1, 1998; 29(10): 2162 - 2170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Cai, H. Yao, S. Ibayashi, H. Uchimura, M. Fujishima, and B. D. Watson Photothrombotic Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: Influence of Substrain, Gender, and Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Patterns on Infarct Size • Editorial Comment Stroke, September 1, 1998; 29(9): 1982 - 1987. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K.-A. Hossmann Experimental models for the investigation of brain ischemia Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 1998; 39(1): 106 - 120. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Pascual, F. Carceller, J. M. Roda, S. Cerdan, and R. C. Koehler Glutamate, Glutamine, and GABA as Substrates for the Neuronal and Glial Compartments After Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats • Editorial Comment Stroke, May 1, 1998; 29(5): 1048 - 1057. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S.-J. Hong and G. C. Y. Chiou Effects of Intracellular Calcium Reduction by Dantrolene on Prevention/Treatment of Ischemic Stroke Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, January 1, 1998; 3(4): 299 - 303. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Baker, C. B. Marcus, K. Huffman, H. Kruk, B. Malfroy, and S. R. Doctrow Synthetic Combined Superoxide Dismutase/Catalase Mimetics Are Protective as a Delayed Treatment in a Rat Stroke Model: A Key Role for Reactive Oxygen Species in Ischemic Brain Injury J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., January 1, 1998; 284(1): 215 - 221. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Wang, S.-Z. Lin, A.-L. Chiou, L. R. Williams, and B. J. Hoffer Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Protects against Ischemia-Induced Injury in the Cerebral Cortex J. Neurosci., June 1, 1997; 17(11): 4341 - 4348. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Kawai, H. Nakai, M. Suga, S. Yuki, T. Watanabe, and K.-I. Saito Effects of a Novel Free Radical Scavenger, MCI-186, on Ischemic Brain Damage in the Rat Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., May 1, 1997; 281(2): 921 - 927. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Lukkarinen, O. H. J. Grohn, R. Sinervirta, A. Jarvinen, R. A. Kauppinen, J. Janne, and L. I. Alhonen Transgenic Rats as Models for Studying the Role of Ornithine Decarboxylase Expression in Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Stroke, March 1, 1997; 28(3): 639 - 645. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T.N. Lin, J. Te, H.C. Huang, S.I. Chi, C.Y. Hsu, and P. H. Chan Prolongation and Enhancement of Postischemic c-fos Expression After Fasting Stroke, February 1, 1997; 28(2): 412 - 418. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. Goldlust, R. P. Paczynski, Y. Y. He, C. Y. Hsu, M. P. Goldberg, and M. Fisher Automated Measurement of Infarct Size With Scanned Images of Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride–Stained Rat Brains Stroke, September 1, 1996; 27(9): 1657 - 1662. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. M. Cockroft, M. Meistrell III, G. A. Zimmerman, D. Risucci, O. Bloom, A. Cerami, K. J. Tracey, and G. Feuerstein Cerebroprotective Effects of Aminoguanidine in a Rodent Model of Stroke Stroke, August 1, 1996; 27(8): 1393 - 1398. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-Z. Lin, A.-L. Chiou, and Y. Wang Ketamine Antagonizes Nitric Oxide Release From Cerebral Cortex After Middle Cerebral Artery Ligation in Rats Stroke, April 1, 1996; 27(4): 747 - 752. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Yao, S. Ibayashi, H. Sugimori, K. Fujii, and M. Fujishima Simplified Model of Krypton LaserInduced Thrombotic Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Stroke, February 1, 1996; 27(2): 333 - 336. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. P. Stroemer, T. A. Kent, and C. E. Hulsebosch Neocortical Neural Sprouting, Synaptogenesis, and Behavioral Recovery After Neocortical Infarction in Rats Stroke, November 1, 1995; 26(11): 2135 - 2144. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Roda, F. Carceller, E. Diez-Tejedor, and C. Avendano Reduction of Infarct Size by Intra-Arterial Nimodipine Administered at Reperfusion in a Rat Model of Partially Reversible Brain Focal Ischemia Stroke, October 1, 1995; 26(10): 1888 - 1892. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G.Y. Sun, J.-P. Zhang, T.A. Lin, T.-N. Lin, Y.Y. He, and C.Y. Hsu Inositol Trisphosphate, Polyphosphoinositide Turnover, and High-Energy Metabolites in Focal Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Stroke, October 1, 1995; 26(10): 1893 - 1900. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. D. Perez-Trepichio, M. Xue, T. C. Ng, A. W. Majors, A. J. Furlan, I. A. Awad, and S. C. Jones Sensitivity of Magnetic Resonance Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Regional Relationship Between the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Cerebral Blood Flow in Rat Focal Cerebral Ischemia Stroke, April 1, 1995; 26(4): 667 - 675. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Osuga, S. Osuga, F. Wang, R. Fetni, M. J. Hogan, R. S. Slack, A. M. Hakim, J.-E Ikeda, and D. S. Park Cyclin-dependent kinases as a therapeutic target for stroke PNAS, August 29, 2000; 97(18): 10254 - 10259. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|