Stroke, Vol 22, 253-258, Copyright © 1991 by American Heart Association
D Russell, KP Madden, WM Clark, PM Sandset and JA Zivin
The purpose of this study was to develop an animal model that could be used
to test the ability of Doppler ultrasound to detect arterial emboli
composed of materials that are often involved in cerebral emboli. Emboli
introduced into the rabbit aorta via the left renal artery consisted of
clotted whole blood, platelets, atheromatous material, fat, or air. The
ultrasound examination was carried out continuously during the studies
using a multifrequency transcranial Doppler apparatus with a 2-MHz probe, a
sample volume of 15 mm, at a depth of 15 mm. The intensity of the Doppler
spectrum was measured and displayed as a 15-shade color scale, each shade
representing a 3-dB difference. The diameter of the aorta at the site of
the ultrasound examination was similar to the diameter of the middle
cerebral artery in humans. All 125 emboli introduced were clearly detected
because they caused a Doppler signal at least 15 dB greater than that of
the surrounding blood. These results show that the potential for emboli
detection using Doppler ultrasound in the clinical situation is now
considerable.
ARTICLES
Detection of arterial emboli using Doppler ultrasound in rabbits
Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla.
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A.M. Forteza, V.L. Babikian, C. Hyde, M. Winter, and V. Pochay Effect of Time and Cerebrovascular Symptoms on the Prevalence of Microembolic Signals in Patients With Cervical Carotid Stenosis Stroke, April 1, 1996; 27(4): 687 - 690. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. Barbut, F.S. Yao, D.N. Hager, P. Kavanaugh, R.R. Trifiletti, and J.P. Gold Comparison of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography and Transesophageal Echocardiography to Monitor Emboli During Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Stroke, January 1, 1996; 27(1): 87 - 90. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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N. E. Alexis, W. D. Dietrich, E. J. Green, R. Prado, and B. D. Watson Nonocclusive Common Carotid Artery Thrombosis in the Rat Results in Reversible Sensorimotor and Cognitive Behavioral Deficits Stroke, December 1, 1995; 26(12): 2338 - 2346. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. Kurusz, B. D Butler, J. Katz, and V. R Conti Air embolism during cardiopulmonary bypass Perfusion, November 1, 1995; 10(6): 361 - 391. [PDF]
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H. Markus Importance of Time-Window Overlap in the Detection and Analysis of Embolic Signals Stroke, November 1, 1995; 26(11): 2044 - 2047. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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U. Sliwka, F.-P. Job, D. Wissuwa, R. R. Diehl, F.-A. Flachskampf, P. Hanrath, and J. Noth Occurrence of Transcranial Doppler High-Intensity Transient Signals in Patients With Potential Cardiac Sources of Embolism : A Prospective Study Stroke, November 1, 1995; 26(11): 2067 - 2070. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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H. S. Markus and M. J. Harrison Microembolic Signal Detection Using Ultrasound Stroke, September 1, 1995; 26(9): 1517 - 1519. [Full Text]
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D. C. Tong and G. W. Albers Transcranial Doppler–Detected Microemboli in Patients With Acute Stroke Stroke, September 1, 1995; 26(9): 1588 - 1592. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. K. Brækken, D. Russell, R. Brucher, and J. Svennevig Incidence and Frequency of Cerebral Embolic Signals in Patients With a Similar Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valve Stroke, July 1, 1995; 26(7): 1225 - 1230. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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Basic Identification Criteria of Doppler Microembolic Signals Stroke, June 1, 1995; 26(6): 1123 - 1123. [Full Text]
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A. J. Baker, B. Naser, M. Benaroia, and C. D. Mazer Cerebral Microemboli During Coronary Artery Bypass Using Different Cardioplegia Techniques Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 1995; 59(5): 1187 - 1191. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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L. Valton, V. Larrue, P. Arrue, G. Geraud, and A. Bes Asymptomatic Cerebral Embolic Signals in Patients With Carotid Stenosis : Correlation With Appearance of Plaque Ulceration on Angiography Stroke, May 1, 1995; 26(5): 813 - 815. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 R. E. Clark, J. Brillman, D. A. Davis, M. R. Lovell, T. R. P. Price, and G. J. Magovern MD Microemboli during coronary artery bypass grafting: Genesis and effect on outcome J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., February 1, 1995; 109(2): 249 - 258. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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E. V. van Zuilen, F. L. Moll, F. E.E. Vermeulen, H. W. Mauser, J. van Gijn, and R. G.A. Ackerstaff Detection of Cerebral Microemboli by Means of Transcranial Doppler Monitoring Before and After Carotid Endarterectomy Stroke, February 1, 1995; 26(2): 210 - 213. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. Sturzenegger, J. H. Beer, and F. Rihs Monitoring Combined Antithrombotic Treatments in Patients With Prosthetic Heart Valves Using Transcranial Doppler and Coagulation Markers Stroke, January 1, 1995; 26(1): 63 - 69. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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Z. Kaposzta, J. F. Martin, and H. S. Markus Switching off Embolization From Symptomatic Carotid Plaque Using S-Nitrosoglutathione Circulation, March 26, 2002; 105(12): 1480 - 1484. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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