Stroke, Vol 23, 746-754, Copyright © 1992 by American Heart Association
H Benveniste, LW Hedlund and GA Johnson
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to measure apparent
diffusion coefficients in rat brain tissue exposed to ouabain, glutamate,
and N-methyl-D-aspartate and to compare them with apparent diffusion
coefficients found in acute cerebral ischemia. METHODS: The apparent
diffusion coefficient was measured using magnetic resonance microscopy in
four groups of Sprague-Dawley rats after occlusion of the right middle
cerebral artery and ipsilateral common carotid artery (n = 7), after
ouabain exposure (n = 6), during glutamate exposure (n = 7), or during
N-methyl-D-aspartate exposure (n = 3). Ouabain, glutamate, and
N-methyl-D-aspartate were applied via an intracerebrally implanted
microdialysis membrane. RESULTS: Three hours after the induction of focal
cerebral ischemia, a 33% reduction in the apparent diffusion coefficient
was observed in the right dorsolateral corpus striatum and olfactory
cortex. After ouabain exposure, reductions in the apparent diffusion
coefficient were observed within a 1,500-microns radius of the
microdialysis membrane. Quantitative analysis revealed that apparent
diffusion coefficient values in ischemic and ouabain-exposed tissue fell
within the same range. Glutamate and N-methyl-D-aspartate reduced the brain
tissue apparent diffusion coefficient by 35% and 40%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these findings, we conclude that
ischemia-induced apparent diffusion coefficient reductions are likely
caused by a shift of extracellular to intracellular water.
ARTICLES
Mechanism of detection of acute cerebral ischemia in rats by diffusion- weighted magnetic resonance microscopy
Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C. 27710.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  P. D. Humphries, N. J. Sebire, M. J. Siegel, and O. E. Olsen Tumors in Pediatric Patients at Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging: Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Tumor Cellularity Radiology, December 1, 2007; 245(3): 848 - 854. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Matoba, H. Tonami, T. Kondou, H. Yokota, K. Higashi, H. Toga, and T. Sakuma Lung Carcinoma: Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging--Preliminary Evaluation with Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Radiology, May 1, 2007; 243(2): 570 - 577. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Ramani, J. H. Jensen, and J. A. Helpern Quantitative MR Imaging in Alzheimer Disease Radiology, October 1, 2006; 241(1): 26 - 44. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V Caso, K Budak, D Georgiadis, B Schuknecht, and R W Baumgartner Clinical significance of detection of multiple acute brain infarcts on diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, April 1, 2005; 76(4): 514 - 518. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. van Pul, J. Buijs, M. J. A. Janssen, G. F. Roos, M. T. Vlaardingerbroek, and P. F. F. Wijn Selecting the Best Index for Following the Temporal Evolution of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Diffusion Anisotropy After Hypoxic-Ischemic White Matter Injury in Neonates AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., March 1, 2005; 26(3): 469 - 481. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Ishikawa, K. Yokoyama, T. Kuroiwa, and K. Makita Apparent diffusion coefficient mapping predicts mortality and outcome in rats with intracerebral haemodynamic disturbance: potential role of intraoperative diffusion and perfusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging to detect cerebral ischaemia Br. J. Anaesth., October 1, 2002; 89(4): 605 - 613. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Li, K.-F. Liu, M. D. Silva, X. Meng, T. Gerriets, K. G. Helmer, J. D. Fenstermacher, C. H. Sotak, and M. Fisher Acute Postischemic Renormalization of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient of Water is not Associated with Reversal of Astrocytic Swelling and Neuronal Shrinkage in Rats AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., February 1, 2002; 23(2): 180 - 188. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. J. Zhou, N. E. Leeds, G. C. McKinnon, and A. J. Kumar Characterization of Benign and Metastatic Vertebral Compression Fractures with Quantitative Diffusion MR Imaging AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., January 1, 2002; 23(1): 165 - 170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Fiehler, M. Foth, T. Kucinski, R. Knab, M. von Bezold, C. Weiller, H. Zeumer, and J. Rother Severe ADC Decreases Do Not Predict Irreversible Tissue Damage In Humans Stroke, January 1, 2002; 33(1): 79 - 86. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. A. Copen, L. H. Schwamm, R. G. Gonzalez, O. Wu, C. B. Harmath, P. W. Schaefer, W. J. Koroshetz, and A. G. Sorensen Ischemic Stroke: Effects of Etiology and Patient Age on the Time Course of the Core Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Radiology, October 1, 2001; 221(1): 27 - 34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. E. Grant, J. He, E. F. Halpern, O. Wu, P. W. Schaefer, L. H. Schwamm, R. F. Budzik, A. G. Sorensen, W. J. Koroshetz, and R. G. Gonzalez Frequency and Clinical Context of Decreased Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Reversal in the Human Brain Radiology, October 1, 2001; 221(1): 43 - 50. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. M. Ringer, T. Neumann-Haefelin, R. A. Sobel, M. E. Moseley, and M. A. Yenari Reversal of Early Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities Does Not Necessarily Reflect Tissue Salvage in Experimental Cerebral Ischemia Stroke, October 1, 2001; 32(10): 2362 - 2369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Ishikawa, K. Yokoyama, T. Kuroiwa, and K. Makita Evolution of cerebral ischaemia induced by thromboembolism in rats detected by early sequential MR imaging Br. J. Anaesth., September 1, 2001; 87(3): 469 - 476. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-F. Liu, F. Li, T. Tatlisumak, J. H. Garcia, C. H. Sotak, M. Fisher, and J. D. Fenstermacher Regional Variations in the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and the Intracellular Distribution of Water in Rat Brain During Acute Focal Ischemia Stroke, August 1, 2001; 32(8): 1897 - 1905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. W. Stadnik, C. Chaskis, A. Michotte, W. M. Shabana, K. van Rompaey, R. Luypaert, L. Budinsky, V. Jellus, and M. Osteaux Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging of Intracerebral Masses: Comparison with Conventional MR Imaging and Histologic Findings AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., May 1, 2001; 22(5): 969 - 976. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Nakane, A. Tamura, N. Miyasaka, T. Nagaoka, and T. Kuroiwa Astrocytic Swelling in the Ipsilateral Substantia Nigra after Occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery in Rats AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., April 1, 2001; 22(4): 660 - 663. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Linfante, R. H. Llinas, G. Schlaug, C. Chaves, S. Warach, and L. R. Caplan Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in the Acute Phase of Posterior-Circulation Stroke Arch Neurol, April 1, 2001; 58(4): 621 - 628. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Jacobs, P. Mitsias, H. Soltanian-Zadeh, S. Santhakumar, A. Ghanei, R. Hammond, D. J. Peck, M. Chopp, and S. Patel Multiparametric MRI Tissue Characterization in Clinical Stroke With Correlation to Clinical Outcome : Part 2 Stroke, April 1, 2001; 32(4): 950 - 957. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. V. d. Linden, M. Verhoye, and G. E. Nilsson Does Anoxia Induce Cell Swelling in Carp Brains? In Vivo MRI Measurements in Crucian Carp and Common Carp J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2001; 85(1): 125 - 133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Meyer, A. Gutierrez, B. Mock, D. Hebron, J. M. Prager, M. T. Gorey, and D. Homer High-b-value Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging of Suspected Brain Infarction AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., November 1, 2000; 21(10): 1821 - 1829. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. W. Schaefer, P. E. Grant, and R. G. Gonzalez Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging of the Brain Radiology, November 1, 2000; 217(2): 331 - 345. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Augustin, R. Bammer, J. Simbrunner, R. Stollberger, H.-P. Hartung, and F. Fazekas Diffusion-weighted Imaging of Patients with Subacute Cerebral Ischemia: Comparison with Conventional and Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., October 1, 2000; 21(9): 1596 - 1602. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. W. Atlas, P. DuBois, M. B. Singer, and D. Lu Diffusion Measurements in Intracranial Hematomas: Implications for MR Imaging of Acute Stroke AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., July 1, 2000; 21(7): 1190 - 1194. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Derugin, M. Wendland, K. Muramatsu, T. P. L. Roberts, G. Gregory, D. M. Ferriero, Z. S. Vexler, and W. D. Dietrich Evolution of Brain Injury After Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Neonatal Rats Editorial Comment Stroke, July 1, 2000; 31(7): 1752 - 1761. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Li, K.-F. Liu, M. D. Silva, T. Omae, C. H. Sotak, J. D. Fenstermacher, M. Fisher, C. Y. Hsu, and W. Lin Transient and Permanent Resolution of Ischemic Lesions on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging After Brief Periods of Focal Ischemia in Rats : Correlation With Histopathology • Editorial Comment: Correlation With Histopathology Stroke, April 1, 2000; 31(4): 946 - 954. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Miyasaka, T. Kuroiwa, F. Y. Zhao, T. Nagaoka, H. Akimoto, I. Yamada, T. Kubota, and T. Aso Cerebral Ischemic Hypoxia: Discrepancy between Apparent Diffusion Coefficients and Histologic Changes in Rats Radiology, April 1, 2000; 215(1): 199 - 204. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Li, M. D. Silva, C. H. Sotak, and M. Fisher Temporal evolution of ischemic injury evaluated with diffusion-, perfusion-, and T2-weighted MRI Neurology, February 8, 2000; 54(3): 689 - 689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Miyasaka, T. Nagaoka, T. Kuroiwa, H. Akimoto, T. Haku, T. Kubota, and T. Aso Histopathologic Correlates of Temporal Diffusion Changes in a Rat Model of Cerebral Hypoxia/Ischemia AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., January 1, 2000; 21(1): 60 - 66. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Ay, J. Oliveira-Filho, F. S. Buonanno, M. Ezzeddine, P. W. Schaefer, G. Rordorf, L. H. Schwamm, R. G. Gonzalez, and W. J. Koroshetz Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Identifies a Subset of Lacunar Infarction Associated With Embolic Source Stroke, December 1, 1999; 30(12): 2644 - 2650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. T. C. Yuh, T. Ueda, M. White, M. E. Schuster, and T. Taoka The Need for Objective Assessment of the New Imaging Techniques and Understanding the Expanding Roles of Stroke Imaging AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., November 1, 1999; 20(10): 1779 - 1784. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Y. Liu, J. A. Maldjian, L. J. Bagley, G. P. Sinson, and R. I. Grossman Traumatic Brain Injury: Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging Findings AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., October 1, 1999; 20(9): 1636 - 1641. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. de Crespigny, J. Rother, C. Beaulieu, M. E. Moseley, and M. Hoehn Rapid Monitoring of Diffusion, DC Potential, and Blood Oxygenation Changes During Global Ischemia : Effects of Hypoglycemia, Hyperglycemia, and TTX • Editorial Comment: Effects of Hypoglycemia, Hyperglycemia, and TTX Stroke, October 1, 1999; 30(10): 2212 - 2222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. W. Albers Expanding the Window for Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Stroke : The Potential Role of Acute MRI for Patient Selection Stroke, October 1, 1999; 30(10): 2230 - 2237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. E. Ricci, J. H. Burdette, A. D. Elster, and D. M. Reboussin A Comparison of Fast Spin-Echo, Fluid-Attenuated Inversion-Recovery, and Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging in the First 10 Days after Cerebral Infarction AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., September 1, 1999; 20(8): 1535 - 1542. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. J. Beauchamp Jr, P. B. Barker, P. Y. Wang, and P. C. M. vanZijl Imaging of Acute Cerebral Ischemia Radiology, August 1, 1999; 212(2): 307 - 324. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Ay, F. S. Buonanno, G. Rordorf, P. W. Schaefer, L. H. Schwamm, O. Wu, R. G. Gonzalez, K. Yamada, G. A. Sorensen, and W. J. Koroshetz Normal diffusion-weighted MRI during stroke-like deficits Neurology, June 1, 1999; 52(9): 1784 - 1784. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Yamada, S. Imakita, and T. Sakuma Value of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in Recent Cerebral Infarctions: A Correlative Study with Contrast-Enhanced T1-Weighted Imaging AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., February 1, 1999; 20(2): 193 - 198. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. W. Hsu, R. Xue, A. Holmes, and J. R. Forder Delayed reduction of tissue water diffusion after myocardial ischemia Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 1998; 275(2): H697 - H702. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Kuroiwa, T. Nagaoka, M. Ueki, I. Yamada, N. Miyasaka, H. Akimoto, and F. M. Faraci Different Apparent Diffusion Coefficient : Water Content Correlations of Gray and White Matter During Early Ischemia • Editorial Comment: Water Content Correlations of Gray and White Matter During Early Ischemia Stroke, April 1, 1998; 29(4): 859 - 865. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. B. Singer, J. Chong, D. Lu, W. J. Schonewille, S. Tuhrim, and S. W. Atlas Diffusion-Weighted MRI in Acute Subcortical Infarction Stroke, January 1, 1998; 29(1): 133 - 136. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Takano, T. Tatlisumak, J. E. Formato, R. A. D. Carano, A. G. Bergmann, L. M. Pullan, T. M. Bare, C. H. Sotak, and M. Fisher Glycine Site Antagonist Attenuates Infarct Size in Experimental Focal Ischemia : Postmortem and Diffusion Mapping Studies Stroke, June 1, 1997; 28(6): 1255 - 1263. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Lukkarinen, O. H. J. Grohn, R. Sinervirta, A. Jarvinen, R. A. Kauppinen, J. Janne, and L. I. Alhonen Transgenic Rats as Models for Studying the Role of Ornithine Decarboxylase Expression in Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Stroke, March 1, 1997; 28(3): 639 - 645. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Loubinoux, A. Volk, J. Borredon, S. Guirimand, B. Tiffon, J. Seylaz, P. Meric, and G. A. Rosenberg Spreading of Vasogenic Edema and Cytotoxic Edema Assessed by Quantitative Diffusion and T2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Stroke, February 1, 1997; 28(2): 419 - 427. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Tatlisumak, K. Takano, R. A.D. Carano, M. Fisher, and C. Y. Hsu Effect of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on Experimental Focal Ischemia Studied by Diffusion-Weighted and Perfusion Imaging Stroke, December 1, 1996; 27(12): 2292 - 2298. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. M. Lee, N. G. Burdett, T. A. Carpenter, L. D. Hall, P. S. Pambakian, S. Patel, N. I. Wood, M. F. James, and B. Watson Evolution of Photochemically Induced Focal Cerebral Ischemia in the Rat: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Histology Stroke, November 1, 1996; 27(11): 2110 - 2119. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Hasegawa, J. E. Formato, L. L. Latour, J. A. Gutierrez, K.-F. Liu, J. H. Garcia, C. H. Sotak, M. Fisher, and J. E. Brayden Severe Transient Hypoglycemia Causes Reversible Change in the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient of Water Stroke, September 1, 1996; 27(9): 1648 - 1656. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. B. Muller, O. Haraldseth, R. A. Jones, G. Sebastiani, C. F. Lindboe, G. Unsgard, and A. N. Oksendal Perfusion and Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging for In Vivo Evaluation of Treatment With U74389G in a Rat Stroke Model Stroke, August 1, 1995; 26(8): 1453 - 1458. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Warach Review : Mapping Brain Pathophysiology and Higher Cortical Function with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neuroscientist, July 1, 1995; 1(4): 221 - 235. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. D. Perez-Trepichio, M. Xue, T. C. Ng, A. W. Majors, A. J. Furlan, I. A. Awad, and S. C. Jones Sensitivity of Magnetic Resonance Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Regional Relationship Between the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Cerebral Blood Flow in Rat Focal Cerebral Ischemia Stroke, April 1, 1995; 26(4): 667 - 675. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. B. Muller, O. Haraldseth, R. A. Jones, G. Sebastiani, F. Godtliebsen, C. F. Lindboe, and G. Unsgard Combined Perfusion and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Rat Model of Reversible Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Stroke, March 1, 1995; 26(3): 451 - 458. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Qiao, K. L. Malisza, M. R. Del Bigio, and U. I. Tuor Transient Hypoxia-Ischemia in Rats: Changes in Diffusion-Sensitive MR Imaging Findings, Extracellular Space, and Na +-K+-Adenosine Triphosphatase and Cytochrome Oxidase Activity Radiology, April 1, 2002; 223(1): 65 - 75. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|