Stroke, Vol 23, 952-956, Copyright © 1992 by American Heart Association
WA Riley, RW Barnes, GW Evans and GL Burke
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study is a
prospective investigation of the etiology and natural history of
atherosclerosis and the etiology of clinical disease in four US
communities. METHODS: Noninvasive ultrasonic methods were used to determine
mean wall thickness (WT), radius (R), and circumferential arterial strain
(CAS) in the left common carotid artery of 3,321 white male and female
study participants between the ages of 45 and 64 years. The mean and
standard deviation of Young's elastic modulus (Y) in 5- year age groups
were determined for each sex by combining the ultrasonic data with
concurrent noninvasive measurements of pulse pressure (PP) in the right
brachial artery using the equation Y = (R/WT) x (PP/CAS). RESULTS:
Significant (p = 0.0001) age group differences in Y were observed in both
sexes, with the mean value increasing from 701 kPa in women and 771 kPa in
men in the 45-49-year- old age group to 965 and 983 kPa, respectively, in
the 60-64-year-old age group. Significant (p = 0.0001) age group
differences were also observed for WT, the WT/R ratio, PP, CAS, and the
PP/CAS ratio in both sexes. A sex difference in Y was detected (male
greater than female, p = 0.0006) only in the 45-49-year-old age group.
Significant (p less than 0.0001) sex differences were found, with men
having a greater lumen diameter calculated as 2 x (R - WT), a greater WT,
and a greater 2R in all age groups. The WT/R ratio did not differ in both
sexes in all age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the arterial wall
elastic modulus and the parameters required for its determination can
provide important insight into structural changes occurring within the
arterial wall with age and sex, and possibly with the onset of very early
arterial disease.
ARTICLES
Ultrasonic measurement of the elastic modulus of the common carotid artery. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Department of Neurology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1078.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  N. Cheung, D. Liao, F M Amirul Islam, R. Klein, J. Jin Wang, and T. Yin Wong Is early age-related macular degeneration related to carotid artery stiffness? The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Br. J. Ophthalmol., April 1, 2007; 91(4): 430 - 433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Makita, A. Ohira, Y. Naganuma, Y. Moriai, H. Niinuma, A. Abiko, and K. Hiramori Increased carotid artery stiffness without atherosclerotic change in patients with aortic dissection. Angiology, August 1, 2006; 57(4): 478 - 486. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Juonala, M. J. Jarvisalo, N. Maki-Torkko, M. Kahonen, J. S.A. Viikari, and O. T. Raitakari Risk Factors Identified in Childhood and Decreased Carotid Artery Elasticity in Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study Circulation, September 6, 2005; 112(10): 1486 - 1493. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. S. Reneman, J. M. Meinders, and A. P.G. Hoeks Non-invasive ultrasound in arterial wall dynamics in humans: what have we learned and what remains to be solved Eur. Heart J., May 2, 2005; 26(10): 960 - 966. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Liao, T. Y. Wong, R. Klein, D. Jones, L. Hubbard, and A. R. Sharrett Relationship Between Carotid Artery Stiffness and Retinal Arteriolar Narrowing in Healthy Middle-Aged Persons Stroke, April 1, 2004; 35(4): 837 - 842. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. M. van Popele, D. E. Grobbee, M. L. Bots, R. Asmar, J. Topouchian, R. S. Reneman, A. P. G. Hoeks, D. A. M. van der Kuip, A. Hofman, and J. C. M. Witteman Association Between Arterial Stiffness and Atherosclerosis : The Rotterdam Study Stroke, February 1, 2001; 32(2): 454 - 460. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Angerer, W. Kothny, S. Stork, and C. von Schacky Hormone replacement therapy and distensibility of carotid arteries in postmenopausal women: a randomized, controlled trial J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 15, 2000; 36(6): 1789 - 1796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Safar, J. Blacher, J. J. Mourad, and G. M. London Stiffness of Carotid Artery Wall Material and Blood Pressure in Humans : Application to Antihypertensive Therapy and Stroke Prevention Stroke, March 1, 2000; 31(3): 782 - 790. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. S Reneman and A. P.G Hoeks Noninvasive vascular ultrasound: An asset in vascular medicine Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2000; 45(1): 27 - 35. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. A. Bortolotto, O. Hanon, G. Franconi, P. Boutouyrie, S. Legrain, and X. Girerd The Aging Process Modifies the Distensibility of Elastic but not Muscular Arteries Hypertension, October 1, 1999; 34(4): 889 - 892. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. C. G. Simons, A. Algra, M. L. Bots, D. E. Grobbee, and Y. van der Graaf Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Arterial Stiffness : Indicators of Cardiovascular Risk in High-Risk PatientsThe SMART Study (Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease) Circulation, August 31, 1999; 100(9): 951 - 957. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Liao, D. K. Arnett, H. A. Tyroler, W. A. Riley, L. E. Chambless, M. Szklo, and G. Heiss Arterial Stiffness and the Development of Hypertension : The ARIC Study Hypertension, August 1, 1999; 34(2): 201 - 206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Bank, D. R. Kaiser, S. Rajala, and A. Cheng In Vivo Human Brachial Artery Elastic Mechanics : Effects of Smooth Muscle Relaxation Circulation, July 6, 1999; 100(1): 41 - 47. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. C. D. Westendorp, M. L. Bots, D. E. Grobbee, R. S. Reneman, A. P. G. Hoeks, N. M. Van Popele, A. Hofman, and J. C. M. Witteman Menopausal Status and Distensibility of the Common Carotid Artery Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., March 1, 1999; 19(3): 713 - 717. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. N. Bella, M. J. Roman, R. Pini, J. E. Schwartz, T. G. Pickering, and R. B. Devereux Assessment of Arterial Compliance by Carotid Midwall Strain-Stress Relation in Hypertension Hypertension, March 1, 1999; 33(3): 793 - 799. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Nagai, C. J. Earley, M. K. Kemper, C. S. Bacal, and E.J. Metter Influence of age and postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy on carotid arterial stiffness in women Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 1999; 41(1): 307 - 311. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Kornet, J. Lambregts, A. P. G. Hoeks, and R. S. Reneman Differences in Near-Wall Shear Rate in the Carotid Artery Within Subjects Are Associated With Different Intima-Media Thicknesses Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., December 1, 1998; 18(12): 1877 - 1884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. P. McGrath, Y.-L. Liang, H. Teede, L. M. Shiel, J. D. Cameron, and A. Dart Age-Related Deterioration in Arterial Structure and Function in Postmenopausal Women : Impact of Hormone Replacement Therapy Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., July 1, 1998; 18(7): 1149 - 1156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. Wilt, H. B. Rubins, S. J. Robins, W. A. Riley, D. Collins, M. Elam, G. Rutan, and J. W. Anderson Carotid Atherosclerosis in Men With Low Levels of HDL Cholesterol Stroke, October 1, 1997; 28(10): 1919 - 1925. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. J. Bendick, R. S. Juleff, and J. L. Glover Arterial Adaptation to Increased Wall Shear Stress Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, March 1, 1997; 31(2): 153 - 161. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. F. Polak, R. A. Kronmal, G. S. Tell, D. H. O'Leary, P. J. Savage, J. M. Gardin, G. H. Rutan, and N. O. Borhani Compensatory Increase in Common Carotid Artery Diameter: Relation to Blood Pressure and Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Older Adults Stroke, November 1, 1996; 27(11): 2012 - 2015. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Laurent Arterial Wall Hypertrophy and Stiffness in Essential Hypertensive Patients Hypertension, August 1, 1995; 26(2): 355 - 362. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Salomaa, W. Riley, J. D. Kark, C. Nardo, and A. R. Folsom Non–Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus and Fasting Glucose and Insulin Concentrations Are Associated With Arterial Stiffness Indexes : The ARIC Study Circulation, March 1, 1995; 91(5): 1432 - 1443. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Yuan, L. M. Mitsumori, K. W. Beach, and K. R. Maravilla Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque: Noninvasive MR Characterization and Identification of Vulnerable Lesions Radiology, November 1, 2001; 221(2): 285 - 299. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|