Stroke, Vol 23, 1062-1068, Copyright © 1992 by American Heart Association
WA Riley, RW Barnes, WB Applegate, R Dempsey, T Hartwell, VG Davis, MG Bond and CD Furberg
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To determine the effect of a lipid-lowering agent
and/or a low-dose antithrombotic agent on the progression of early-stage
carotid atherosclerosis, noninvasive B-mode ultrasound was used to measure
intimal-medial thickness in asymptomatic individuals with moderately
elevated lipids as part of the ongoing multicenter Asymptomatic Carotid
Artery Plaque Study. METHODS: Uniform ultrasonic scanning and reading
protocols were implemented to obtain maximum intimal-medial thickness
measurements in 12 standard segments in patients having a small to moderate
wall thickness (1.5-3.5 mm) in at least one of the carotid arteries. Paired
B-mode image recordings on 858 patients, performed 1 month apart and read
at a core laboratory (each pair by the same reader), determined both
within-sonographer (W, n = 405) and between-sonographer (B, n = 453)
reproducibility. RESULTS: The primary end point (mean +/- SD), defined in
each individual as the mean value of the 12 maximum intimal-medial
thickness measurements, was 1.31 +/- 0.21 mm (W) and 1.32 +/- 0.22 (B) at
the time of the second examination. The mean difference in the primary end
point (exam 2-exam 1) was -0.01 +/- 0.13 mm (W) and 0.00 +/- 0.15 mm (B).
The Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.79 (W) and 0.75 (B). In 90% of
the patients, the absolute difference in the primary end point was less
than 0.22 mm (W) and less than 0.24 mm (B). Variability of the secondary
end point, defined as the single largest intimal-medial thickness
measurement in a patient, was between three and four times larger than the
variability for the primary end point. Differences in sonographer
performance between clinical centers were very small. CONCLUSIONS: The
results demonstrate that standardized noninvasive ultrasonic techniques
yield highly reproducible measures of carotid intimal-medial thickness,
which can serve as a measure of carotid atherosclerosis in clinical trials
that monitor small rates of lesion progression.
ARTICLES
Reproducibility of noninvasive ultrasonic measurement of carotid atherosclerosis. The Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Plaque Study
Department of Neurology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston Salem, N.C. 27157-1078.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  L. Scalzi, S. Bhatt, R. Gilkeson, and M. Shaffer The relationship between race, cigarette smoking and carotid intimal medial thickness in systemic lupus erythematosus Lupus, December 1, 2009; 18(14): 1289 - 1297. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. G. Frontini, S. R. Srinivasan, J. Xu, R. Tang, M. G. Bond, and G. S. Berenson Usefulness of Childhood Non-High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels Versus Other Lipoprotein Measures in Predicting Adult Subclinical Atherosclerosis: The Bogalusa Heart Study Pediatrics, May 1, 2008; 121(5): 924 - 929. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. M. Johnson, P. S. Douglas, S. R. Srinivasan, M. G. Bond, R. Tang, S. Li, W. Chen, G. S. Berenson, and J. H. Stein Predictors of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Progression in Young Adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study Stroke, March 1, 2007; 38(3): 900 - 905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. S. Vasan Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease: Molecular Basis and Practical Considerations Circulation, May 16, 2006; 113(19): 2335 - 2362. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. S. Knopman, T. H. Mosley, D. J. Catellier, A. R. Sharrett, and for the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cardiovascular risk factors and cerebral atrophy in a middle-aged cohort Neurology, September 27, 2005; 65(6): 876 - 881. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. B. J. Mancini, B. Dahlof, and J. Diez Surrogate Markers for Cardiovascular Disease: Structural Markers Circulation, June 29, 2004; 109(25_suppl_1): IV-22 - IV-30. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Poredos Intima-media thickness: indicator of cardiovascular risk and measure of the extent of atherosclerosis Vascular Medicine, February 1, 2004; 9(1): 46 - 54. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. H. Kao, E. R. Mohler, P. H. Arger, and C. M. Sehgal Brachial Artery: Measurement of Flow-mediated Dilatation with Cross-sectional US—Technical Validation Radiology, September 1, 2003; 228(3): 895 - 900. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Ramakrishna, T. W Rooke, and L. T Cooper Iron and peripheral arterial disease: revisiting the iron hypothesis in a different light Vascular Medicine, August 1, 2003; 8(3): 203 - 210. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Sawayama, C. Shimizu, N. Maeda, M. Tatsukawa, N. Kinukawa, S. Koyanagi, S. Kashiwagi, and J. Hayashi Effects of probucol and pravastatin on common carotid atherosclerosis in patients with asymptomatic hypercholesterolemia: Fukuoka atherosclerosis trial (FAST) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 20, 2002; 39(4): 610 - 616. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. H. Davis, J. D. Dawson, W. A. Riley, and R. M. Lauer Carotid Intimal-Medial Thickness Is Related to Cardiovascular Risk Factors Measured From Childhood Through Middle Age: The Muscatine Study Circulation, December 4, 2001; 104(23): 2815 - 2819. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Denarie, A. Simon, G. Chironi, J. Gariepy, L. Kumlin, M. Massonneau, C. Lanoiselee, L. Dimberg, and J. Levenson Difference in Carotid Artery Wall Structure Between Swedish and French Men at Low and High Coronary Risk Stroke, August 1, 2001; 32(8): 1775 - 1779. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. M. Lonn, S. Yusuf, V. Dzavik, C. I. Doris, Q. Yi, S. Smith, A. Moore-Cox, J. Bosch, W. A. Riley, and K. K. Teo Effects of Ramipril and Vitamin E on Atherosclerosis : The Study to Evaluate Carotid Ultrasound Changes in Patients Treated With Ramipril and Vitamin E (SECURE) Circulation, February 20, 2001; 103(7): 919 - 925. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Knopman, L.L. Boland, T. Mosley, G. Howard, D. Liao, M. Szklo, P. McGovern, and A. R. Folsom Cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive decline in middle-aged adults Neurology, January 9, 2001; 56(1): 42 - 48. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Sander, C. Kukla, J. Klingelhofer, K. Winbeck, and B. Conrad Relationship Between Circadian Blood Pressure Patterns and Progression of Early Carotid Atherosclerosis : A 3-Year Follow-Up Study Circulation, September 26, 2000; 102(13): 1536 - 1541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Baldassarre, E. Tremoli, M. Amato, F. Veglia, A. Bondioli, and C. R. Sirtori Reproducibility Validation Study Comparing Analog and Digital Imaging Technologies for the Measurement of Intima-Media Thickness Stroke, May 1, 2000; 31(5): 1104 - 1110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Castillo-Richmond, R. H. Schneider, C. N. Alexander, R. Cook, H. Myers, S. Nidich, C. Haney, M. Rainforth, and J. Salerno Effects of Stress Reduction on Carotid Atherosclerosis in Hypertensive African Americans Stroke, March 1, 2000; 31(3): 568 - 573. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. S Reneman and A. P.G Hoeks Noninvasive vascular ultrasound: An asset in vascular medicine Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2000; 45(1): 27 - 35. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. H. Davis, J. D. Dawson, L. T. Mahoney, and R. M. Lauer Increased Carotid Intimal-Medial Thickness and Coronary Calcification Are Related in Young and Middle-Aged Adults : The Muscatine Study Circulation, August 24, 1999; 100(8): 838 - 842. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. P. Byington, G. W. Evans, M. A. Espeland, W. B. Applegate, D. B. Hunninghake, J. Probstfield, and C. D. Furberg Effects of Lovastatin and Warfarin on Early Carotid Atherosclerosis : Sex-Specific Analyses Circulation, July 20, 1999; 100 (3): e14 - e17. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Espeland, R. Tang, J. G. Terry, D. H. Davis, M. Mercuri, and J. R. Crouse III Associations of Risk Factors With Segment-Specific Intimal-Medial Thickness of the Extracranial Carotid Artery Stroke, May 1, 1999; 30(5): 1047 - 1055. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Zureik, P.-J. Touboul, C. Bonithon-Kopp, D. Courbon, C. Berr, C. Leroux, and P. Ducimetiere Cross-Sectional and 4-Year Longitudinal Associations Between Brachial Pulse Pressure and Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in a General Population : The EVA Study Stroke, March 1, 1999; 30(3): 550 - 555. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. N. Purcell and D. C. Brewster When Should Carotid Endarterectomy be Performed on the Basis of Carotid Noninvasive Examination Alone? Perspectives in Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, January 1, 1998; 9(2): 1 - 15. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Joakimsen, K. H. Bonaa, and E. Stensland-Bugge Reproducibility of Ultrasound Assessment of Carotid Plaque Occurrence, Thickness, and Morphology : The Tromso Study Stroke, November 1, 1997; 28(11): 2201 - 2207. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. Wilt, H. B. Rubins, S. J. Robins, W. A. Riley, D. Collins, M. Elam, G. Rutan, and J. W. Anderson Carotid Atherosclerosis in Men With Low Levels of HDL Cholesterol Stroke, October 1, 1997; 28(10): 1919 - 1925. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Stensland-Bugge, K. H. Bonaa, and O. Joakimsen Reproducibility of Ultrasonographically Determined Intima-Media Thickness Is Dependent on Arterial Wall Thickness : The Tromso Study Stroke, October 1, 1997; 28(10): 1972 - 1980. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. D.J.M. Kanters, A. Algra, M. S. van Leeuwen, and J.-D. Banga Reproducibility of In Vivo Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Measurements : A Review Stroke, March 1, 1997; 28(3): 665 - 671. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. O. Borhani, M. Mercuri, P. A. Borhani, V. M. Buckalew, M. Canossa-Terris, A. A. Carr, T. Kappagoda, M. V. Rocco, H. W. Schnaper, J. R. Sowers, et al. Final Outcome Results of the Multicenter Isradipine Diuretic Atherosclerosis Study (MIDAS) A Randomized Controlled Trial JAMA, September 11, 1996; 276(10): 785 - 791. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Duggirala, C. G. Villalpando, D. H. O'Leary, M. P. Stern, and J. Blangero Genetic Basis of Variation in Carotid Artery Wall Thickness Stroke, May 1, 1996; 27(5): 833 - 837. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Espeland, T. E. Craven, W. A. Riley, J. Corson, A. Romont, and C. D. Furberg Reliability of Longitudinal Ultrasonographic Measurements of Carotid Intimal-Medial Thicknesses Stroke, March 1, 1996; 27(3): 480 - 485. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Griewing, C. Morgenstern, F. Driesner, G. Kallwellis, M.L. Walker, and C. Kessler Cerebrovascular Disease Assessed by Color-Flow and Power Doppler Ultrasonography : Comparison With Digital Subtraction Angiography in Internal CarotidArtery Stenosis Stroke, January 1, 1996; 27(1): 95 - 100. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Delcker, H.C. Diener, and H. Wilhelm Influence of Vascular Risk Factors for Atherosclerotic Carotid Artery Plaque Progression Stroke, November 1, 1995; 26(11): 2016 - 2022. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Crouse III, T. E. Craven, A. P. Hagaman, and M. G. Bond Association of Coronary Disease With Segment-Specific Intimal-Medial Thickening of the Extracranial Carotid Artery Circulation, September 1, 1995; 92(5): 1141 - 1147. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|