Stroke, Vol 23, 1304-1310, Copyright © 1992 by American Heart Association
K Minematsu, L Li, CH Sotak, MA Davis and M Fisher
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI)
can quantitatively display focal brain abnormalities within minutes after
the onset of ischemia. We performed the present study to determine the
effects of 1 and 2 hours of temporary ischemia on DWI. METHODS: We examined
DWI and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (T2WI) during and after 1 and
2 hours of temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats (n = 10 for
each group). In a subgroup of four animals from each group, we employed
perfusion magnetic resonance imaging to monitor cerebral perfusion.
Neurological outcome and infarct size after survival for 24 hours were
compared between the groups and correlated with DWI and T2WI studies.
RESULTS: Perfusion studies qualitatively documented hypoperfusion and
reperfusion during and after temporary occlusion. Lesion size on DWI during
reperfusion was significantly less than that during ischemia for 1 (55%
decline, p less than 0.02) but not 2 hours of occlusion. The DWI signal
intensity ratio (intensity compared with that in the contralateral
homologous area) just before withdrawal of the occluder was significantly
less in regions where the hyperintensity disappeared after withdrawal than
in regions with persistent hyperintensity (p less than 0.002). The T2WI
studies revealed few or no abnormalities, except after 2 hours of
occlusion. The neurological outcome was significantly better in the 1- hour
than in the 2-hour group (p less than 0.05). Postmortem infarct volume was
significantly smaller in the 1-hour group than in the 2-hour group (p less
than 0.05). The postwithdrawal DWI accurately predicted infarct size (R =
0.96, p less than 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that
DWI can rapidly display not only irreversible but also reversible ischemic
brain damage and enhances the importance of DWI as a diagnostic modality
for stroke.
ARTICLES
Reversible focal ischemic injury demonstrated by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in rats
Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  S. Rojas, A. Martin, C. Justicia, C. Falcon, N. Bargallo, A. Chamorro, and A. M. Planas Modest MRI Signal Intensity Changes Precede Delayed Cortical Necrosis After Transient Focal Ischemia in the Rat Stroke, June 1, 2006; 37(6): 1525 - 1532. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. A.M. Hauth, C. Jansen, R. Drescher, M. Schwartz, M. Forsting, H. J. Jaeger, and K. D. Mathias MR and Clinical Follow-Up of Diffusion-Weighted Cerebral Lesions after Carotid Artery Stenting AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., October 1, 2005; 26(9): 2336 - 2341. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. W. Schaefer, A. Hassankhani, C. Putman, A. G. Sorensen, L. Schwamm, W. Koroshetz, and R. G. Gonzalez Characterization and Evolution of Diffusion MR Imaging Abnormalities in Stroke Patients Undergoing Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., June 1, 2004; 25(6): 951 - 957. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Inatomi, K. Kimura, T. Yonehara, S. Fujioka, and M. Uchino DWI abnormalities and clinical characteristics in TIA patients Neurology, February 10, 2004; 62(3): 376 - 380. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. Kidwell, J. R. Alger, and J. L. Saver Beyond Mismatch: Evolving Paradigms in Imaging the Ischemic Penumbra With Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Stroke, November 1, 2003; 34(11): 2729 - 2735. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. W. Schaefer, Y. Ozsunar, J. He, L. M. Hamberg, G. J. Hunter, A. G. Sorensen, W. J. Koroshetz, and R. G. Gonzalez Assessing Tissue Viability with MR Diffusion and Perfusion Imaging AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., March 1, 2003; 24(3): 436 - 443. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. W. Schaefer, G. J. Hunter, J. He, L. M. Hamberg, A. G. Sorensen, L. H. Schwamm, W. J. Koroshetz, and R. G. Gonzalez Predicting Cerebral Ischemic Infarct Volume with Diffusion and Perfusion MR Imaging AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., November 1, 2002; 23(10): 1785 - 1794. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Li, K.-F. Liu, M. D. Silva, X. Meng, T. Gerriets, K. G. Helmer, J. D. Fenstermacher, C. H. Sotak, and M. Fisher Acute Postischemic Renormalization of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient of Water is not Associated with Reversal of Astrocytic Swelling and Neuronal Shrinkage in Rats AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., February 1, 2002; 23(2): 180 - 188. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Oppenheim, C. Grandin, Y. Samson, A. Smith, T. Duprez, C. Marsault, and G. Cosnard Is There an Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Threshold in Predicting Tissue Viability in Hyperacute Stroke? Stroke, November 1, 2001; 32(11): 2486 - 2491. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. E. Grant, J. He, E. F. Halpern, O. Wu, P. W. Schaefer, L. H. Schwamm, R. F. Budzik, A. G. Sorensen, W. J. Koroshetz, and R. G. Gonzalez Frequency and Clinical Context of Decreased Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Reversal in the Human Brain Radiology, October 1, 2001; 221(1): 43 - 50. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. M. Ringer, T. Neumann-Haefelin, R. A. Sobel, M. E. Moseley, and M. A. Yenari Reversal of Early Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities Does Not Necessarily Reflect Tissue Salvage in Experimental Cerebral Ischemia Stroke, October 1, 2001; 32(10): 2362 - 2369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-F. Liu, F. Li, T. Tatlisumak, J. H. Garcia, C. H. Sotak, M. Fisher, and J. D. Fenstermacher Regional Variations in the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and the Intracellular Distribution of Water in Rat Brain During Acute Focal Ischemia Stroke, August 1, 2001; 32(8): 1897 - 1905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. B. Grandin, T. P. Duprez, A. M. Smith, F. Mataigne, A. Peeters, C. Oppenheim, and G. Cosnard Usefulness of Magnetic Resonance-Derived Quantitative Measurements of Cerebral Blood Flow and Volume in Prediction of Infarct Growth in Hyperacute Stroke Stroke, May 1, 2001; 32(5): 1147 - 1153. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. G. Lansberg, V. N. Thijs, M. W. O'Brien, J. O. Ali, A. J. de Crespigny, D. C. Tong, M. E. Moseley, and G. W. Albers Evolution of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient, Diffusion-weighted, and T2-weighted Signal Intensity of Acute Stroke AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., April 1, 2001; 22(4): 637 - 644. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. P.N. Forbes, J. G. Pipe, and J. E. Heiserman Evidence for Cytotoxic Edema in the Pathogenesis of Cerebral Venous Infarction AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., March 1, 2001; 22(3): 450 - 455. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. M. Blamire, D. C. Anthony, B. Rajagopalan, N. R. Sibson, V. H. Perry, and P. Styles Interleukin-1beta -Induced Changes in Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability, Apparent Diffusion Coefficient, and Cerebral Blood Volume in the Rat Brain: A Magnetic Resonance Study J. Neurosci., November 1, 2000; 20(21): 8153 - 8159. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. W. Schaefer, P. E. Grant, and R. G. Gonzalez Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging of the Brain Radiology, November 1, 2000; 217(2): 331 - 345. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Neumann-Haefelin, A. Kastrup, A. de Crespigny, M. A. Yenari, T. Ringer, G. H. Sun, M. E. Moseley, and M. Fisher Serial MRI After Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats : Dynamics of Tissue Injury, Blood-Brain Barrier Damage, and Edema Formation Editorial Comment: Dynamics of Tissue Injury, Blood-Brain Barrier Damage, and Edema Formation Stroke, August 1, 2000; 31(8): 1965 - 1973. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. G. Lansberg, G. W. Albers, C. Beaulieu, and M. P. Marks Comparison of diffusion-weighted MRI and CT in acute stroke Neurology, April 25, 2000; 54(8): 1557 - 1561. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Li, K.-F. Liu, M. D. Silva, T. Omae, C. H. Sotak, J. D. Fenstermacher, M. Fisher, C. Y. Hsu, and W. Lin Transient and Permanent Resolution of Ischemic Lesions on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging After Brief Periods of Focal Ischemia in Rats : Correlation With Histopathology • Editorial Comment: Correlation With Histopathology Stroke, April 1, 2000; 31(4): 946 - 954. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Miyasaka, T. Kuroiwa, F. Y. Zhao, T. Nagaoka, H. Akimoto, I. Yamada, T. Kubota, and T. Aso Cerebral Ischemic Hypoxia: Discrepancy between Apparent Diffusion Coefficients and Histologic Changes in Rats Radiology, April 1, 2000; 215(1): 199 - 204. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Li, M. D. Silva, C. H. Sotak, and M. Fisher Temporal evolution of ischemic injury evaluated with diffusion-, perfusion-, and T2-weighted MRI Neurology, February 8, 2000; 54(3): 689 - 689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Muller, W. Reiche, P. Langenscheidt, J. Ha{beta}feld, and T. Hagen Ischemia after Carotid Endarterectomy: Comparison between Transcranial Doppler Sonography and Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., January 1, 2000; 21(1): 47 - 54. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Miyasaka, T. Nagaoka, T. Kuroiwa, H. Akimoto, T. Haku, T. Kubota, and T. Aso Histopathologic Correlates of Temporal Diffusion Changes in a Rat Model of Cerebral Hypoxia/Ischemia AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., January 1, 2000; 21(1): 60 - 66. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Yang, B. M. Tress, P. A. Barber, P. M. Desmond, D. G. Darby, R. P. Gerraty, T. Li, and S. M. Davis Serial Study of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Anisotropy in Patients With Acute Stroke Stroke, November 1, 1999; 30(11): 2382 - 2390. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Barber, D. G. Darby, P. M. Desmond, R. P. Gerraty, Q. Yang, T. Li, D. Jolley, G. A. Donnan, B. M. Tress, and S. M. Davis Identification of Major Ischemic Change : Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Versus Computed Tomography Stroke, October 1, 1999; 30(10): 2059 - 2065. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. H. Burdette, A. D. Elster, and P. E. Ricci Acute Cerebral Infarction: Quantification of Spin-Density and T2 Shine-through Phenomena on Diffusion-weighted MR Images Radiology, August 1, 1999; 212(2): 333 - 339. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. O. Karonen, R. L. Vanninen, Y. Liu, L. Ostergaard, J. T. Kuikka, J. Nuutinen, E. J. Vanninen, P. L. K. Partanen, P. A. Vainio, K. Korhonen, et al. Combined Diffusion and Perfusion MRI With Correlation to Single-Photon Emission CT in Acute Ischemic Stroke : Ischemic Penumbra Predicts Infarct Growth Stroke, August 1, 1999; 30(8): 1583 - 1590. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. R. Kreisman and J. C. LaManna Rapid and Slow Swelling During Hypoxia in the CA1 Region of Rat Hippocampal Slices J Neurophysiol, July 1, 1999; 82(1): 320 - 329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Ueda, W. T. C. Yuh, J. E. Maley, J. P. Quets, P. Y. Hahn, and V. A. Magnotta Outcome of Acute Ischemic Lesions Evaluated by Diffusion and Perfusion MR Imaging AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., June 1, 1999; 20(6): 983 - 989. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Ay, F. S. Buonanno, G. Rordorf, P. W. Schaefer, L. H. Schwamm, O. Wu, R. G. Gonzalez, K. Yamada, G. A. Sorensen, and W. J. Koroshetz Normal diffusion-weighted MRI during stroke-like deficits Neurology, June 1, 1999; 52(9): 1784 - 1784. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. Kidwell, J. R. Alger, F. Di Salle, S. Starkman, P. Villablanca, J. Bentson, and J. L. Saver Diffusion MRI in Patients With Transient Ischemic Attacks Stroke, June 1, 1999; 30(6): 1174 - 1180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Barber, S. M. Davis, D. G. Darby, P. M. Desmond, R. P. Gerraty, Q. Yang, D. Jolley, G. A. Donnan, and B. M. Tress Absent middle cerebral artery flow predicts the presence and evolution of the ischemic penumbra Neurology, April 1, 1999; 52(6): 1125 - 1125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Yamada, S. Imakita, and T. Sakuma Value of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in Recent Cerebral Infarctions: A Correlative Study with Contrast-Enhanced T1-Weighted Imaging AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., February 1, 1999; 20(2): 193 - 198. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Busch, C. Beaulieu, A. de Crespigny, M. E. Moseley, and J. P. Muizelaar Diffusion MR Imaging During Acute Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats • Editorial Comment Stroke, October 1, 1998; 29(10): 2155 - 2161. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. J DEL ZOPPO, R. VON KUMMER, and G. F HAMANN Ischaemic damage of brain microvessels: inherent risks for thrombolytic treatment in stroke J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, July 1, 1998; 65(1): 1 - 9. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Chandra, L. V. Clark, R. W. Coatney, L. Phan, S. K. Sarkar, and E. H. Ohlstein Application of Serial In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Evaluate the Efficacy of Endothelin Receptor Antagonist SB 217242 in the Rat Carotid Artery Model of Neointima Formation Circulation, June 9, 1998; 97(22): 2252 - 2258. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A Connelly, W K Chong, C L Johnson, V Ganesan, D G Gadian, and F J Kirkham Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging of compromised tissue in stroke Arch. Dis. Child., July 1, 1997; 77(1): 38 - 41. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Takano, T. Tatlisumak, J. E. Formato, R. A. D. Carano, A. G. Bergmann, L. M. Pullan, T. M. Bare, C. H. Sotak, and M. Fisher Glycine Site Antagonist Attenuates Infarct Size in Experimental Focal Ischemia : Postmortem and Diffusion Mapping Studies Stroke, June 1, 1997; 28(6): 1255 - 1263. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Z. Onal, F. Li, T. Tatlisumak, K. W. Locke, B. W. Sandage Jr, and M. Fisher Synergistic Effects of Citicoline and MK-801 in Temporary Experimental Focal Ischemia in Rats Stroke, May 1, 1997; 28(5): 1060 - 1065. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Ulug, N. Beauchamp Jr, R. N. Bryan, and P. C.M. van Zijl Absolute Quantitation of Diffusion Constants in Human Stroke Stroke, March 1, 1997; 28(3): 483 - 490. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. H. Lo, A. R. Pierce, J. B. Mandeville, B. R. Rosen, C. Y. Hsu, and W. Lin Neuroprotection With NBQX in Rat Focal Cerebral Ischemia: Effects on ADC Probability Distribution Functions and Diffusion-Perfusion Relationships Stroke, February 1, 1997; 28(2): 439 - 447. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Tatlisumak, K. Takano, R. A.D. Carano, M. Fisher, and C. Y. Hsu Effect of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on Experimental Focal Ischemia Studied by Diffusion-Weighted and Perfusion Imaging Stroke, December 1, 1996; 27(12): 2292 - 2298. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. M. Lee, N. G. Burdett, T. A. Carpenter, L. D. Hall, P. S. Pambakian, S. Patel, N. I. Wood, M. F. James, and B. Watson Evolution of Photochemically Induced Focal Cerebral Ischemia in the Rat: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Histology Stroke, November 1, 1996; 27(11): 2110 - 2119. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Hasegawa, J. E. Formato, L. L. Latour, J. A. Gutierrez, K.-F. Liu, J. H. Garcia, C. H. Sotak, M. Fisher, and J. E. Brayden Severe Transient Hypoglycemia Causes Reversible Change in the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient of Water Stroke, September 1, 1996; 27(9): 1648 - 1656. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Kuge, K. Minematsu, T. Yamaguchi, and Y. Miyake Nylon Monofilament for Intraluminal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats Stroke, September 1, 1995; 26(9): 1655 - 1658. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. B. Muller, O. Haraldseth, R. A. Jones, G. Sebastiani, C. F. Lindboe, G. Unsgard, and A. N. Oksendal Perfusion and Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging for In Vivo Evaluation of Treatment With U74389G in a Rat Stroke Model Stroke, August 1, 1995; 26(8): 1453 - 1458. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. H. Garcia, S. Wagner, K.-F. Liu, and X.-j. Hu Neurological Deficit and Extent of Neuronal Necrosis Attributable to Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats : Statistical Validation Stroke, April 1, 1995; 26(4): 627 - 635. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. D. Perez-Trepichio, M. Xue, T. C. Ng, A. W. Majors, A. J. Furlan, I. A. Awad, and S. C. Jones Sensitivity of Magnetic Resonance Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Regional Relationship Between the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Cerebral Blood Flow in Rat Focal Cerebral Ischemia Stroke, April 1, 1995; 26(4): 667 - 675. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. B. Muller, O. Haraldseth, R. A. Jones, G. Sebastiani, F. Godtliebsen, C. F. Lindboe, and G. Unsgard Combined Perfusion and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Rat Model of Reversible Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Stroke, March 1, 1995; 26(3): 451 - 458. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|