Stroke, Vol 23, 1367-1379, Copyright © 1992 by American Heart Association
PM Kochanek and JM Hallenbeck
BACKGROUND: The extent to which polymorphonuclear leukocytes and
monocytes/macrophages contribute to the pathobiology of cerebral ischemia
and stroke is an issue of long-standing contradiction and controversy.
Recent developments in the ability to selectively modify leukocyte adhesion
with antiadhesion antibodies and the potential clinical application of this
therapeutic approach have spurred a resurgence of experimental studies
examining the role of leukocytes in cerebral ischemia and stroke. SUMMARY
OF REVIEW: We review studies examining leukocyte accumulation, initiation
of thrombosis, and exacerbation of ischemic brain injury in stroke, and we
examine other proposed contributions of leukocytes to cerebrovascular
pathophysiology. CONCLUSIONS: The importance of specific characteristics of
a given ischemia model and of underlying stroke risk factors in determining
the degree of leukocyte involvement and effectiveness of therapies directed
against these cells is discussed.
ARTICLES
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes/macrophages in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia and stroke
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pa.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  J. Neumann, S. Sauerzweig, R. Ronicke, F. Gunzer, K. Dinkel, O. Ullrich, M. Gunzer, and K. G. Reymann Microglia Cells Protect Neurons by Direct Engulfment of Invading Neutrophil Granulocytes: A New Mechanism of CNS Immune Privilege J. Neurosci., June 4, 2008; 28(23): 5965 - 5975. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Kim, A. T. Tolhurst, L. Y. Qin, X.-Y. Chen, M. Febbraio, and S. Cho CD36/Fatty Acid Translocase, An Inflammatory Mediator, Is Involved in Hyperlipidemia-Induced Exacerbation in Ischemic Brain Injury J. Neurosci., April 30, 2008; 28(18): 4661 - 4670. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L.-R. Zhao, S. Singhal, W.-M. Duan, J. Mehta, and J. A. Kessler Brain Repair by Hematopoietic Growth Factors in a Rat Model of Stroke Stroke, September 1, 2007; 38(9): 2584 - 2591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Nighoghossian, M. Wiart, S. Cakmak, Y. Berthezene, L. Derex, T.-H. Cho, C. Nemoz, F. Chapuis, G.-L. Tisserand, J.-B. Pialat, et al. Inflammatory Response After Ischemic Stroke: A USPIO-Enhanced MRI Study in Patients Stroke, February 1, 2007; 38(2): 303 - 307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Ikeda-Matsuo, A. Ota, T. Fukada, S. Uematsu, S. Akira, and Y. Sasaki Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 is a critical factor of stroke-reperfusion injury PNAS, August 1, 2006; 103(31): 11790 - 11795. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. F. Pedersen, M. E. O'Donnell, S. E. Anderson, and P. M. Cala Physiology and pathophysiology of Na+/H+ exchange and Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransport in the heart, brain, and blood Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 2006; 291(1): R1 - R25. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. Rane, D. Gozal, W. Butt, E. Gozal, W. M. Pierce Jr, S. Z. Guo, R. Wu, A. D. Goldbart, V. Thongboonkerd, K. R. McLeish, et al. {gamma}-Amino Butyric Acid Type B Receptors Stimulate Neutrophil Chemotaxis during Ischemia-Reperfusion J. Immunol., June 1, 2005; 174(11): 7242 - 7249. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. F. Moore, H. Li, N. Jeffries, V. Wright, R. A. Cooper Jr, A. Elkahloun, M. P. Gelderman, E. Zudaire, G. Blevins, H. Yu, et al. Using Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Determine a Gene Expression Profile of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Pilot Investigation Circulation, January 18, 2005; 111(2): 212 - 221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.-M. Park, S. Cho, K. Frys, G. Racchumi, P. Zhou, J. Anrather, and C. Iadecola Interaction Between Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase in Focal Ischemic Brain Injury Stroke, December 1, 2004; 35(12): 2896 - 2901. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. L. Rosenzweig, N. S. Lessov, D. C. Henshall, M. Minami, R. P. Simon, and M. P. Stenzel-Poore Endotoxin Preconditioning Prevents Cellular Inflammatory Response During Ischemic Neuroprotection in Mice Stroke, November 1, 2004; 35(11): 2576 - 2581. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. G. Nadareishvili, H. Li, V. Wright, D. Maric, S. Warach, J. M. Hallenbeck, J. Dambrosia, J. L. Barker, and A. E. Baird Elevated pro-inflammatory CD4+CD28- lymphocytes and stroke recurrence and death Neurology, October 26, 2004; 63(8): 1446 - 1451. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. J. Audebert, M. M. Rott, T. Eck, and R. L. Haberl Systemic Inflammatory Response Depends on Initial Stroke Severity but Is Attenuated by Successful Thrombolysis Stroke, September 1, 2004; 35(9): 2128 - 2133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Dinkel, F. S. Dhabhar, and R. M. Sapolsky Neurotoxic effects of polymorphonuclear granulocytes on hippocampal primary cultures PNAS, January 6, 2004; 101(1): 331 - 336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. W. Hong, K. Y. Kim, H. K. Shin, J. H. Lee, J. M. Choi, Y.-G. Kwak, C. D. Kim, W. S. Lee, and B. Y. Rhim Cilostazol Prevents Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha}-Induced Cell Death by Suppression of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted from Chromosome 10 Phosphorylation and Activation of Akt/Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein Phosphorylation J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., September 1, 2003; 306(3): 1182 - 1190. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Ding-Zhou, C. Marchand-Verrecchia, B. Palmier, N. Croci, P.-E. Chabrier, M. Plotkine, and I. Margaill Neuroprotective Effects of (S)-N-[4-[4-[(3,4-Dihydro-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-yl)carbonyl]-1-piperazinyl]phenyl]-2-thiophenecarboximid-amide (BN 80933), an Inhibitor of Neuronal Nitric-Oxide Synthase and an Antioxidant, in Model of Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., August 1, 2003; 306(2): 588 - 594. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Miyahara, J. Kiryu, A. Tsujikawa, H. Katsuta, K. Nishijima, K. Miyamoto, K. Yamashiro, A. Nonaka, and Y. Honda Argatroban Attenuates Leukocyte- and Platelet-Endothelial Cell Interactions After Transient Retinal Ischemia Stroke, August 1, 2003; 34(8): 2043 - 2049. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Zhang, Z. G. Zhang, R. L. Zhang, M. Lu, M. Krams, and M. Chopp Effects of a Selective CD11b/CD18 Antagonist and Recombinant Human Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment Alone and in Combination in a Rat Embolic Model of Stroke Stroke, July 1, 2003; 34(7): 1790 - 1795. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Nishijima, J. Kiryu, A. Tsujikawa, M. Honjo, A. Nonaka, K. Yamashiro, H. Kamizuru, Y. Ieki, H. Tanihara, Y. Honda, et al. Inhibitory Effects of Antithrombin III on Interactions between Blood Cells and Endothelial Cells during Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., January 1, 2003; 44(1): 332 - 341. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.J.M. Frijns and L.J. Kappelle Inflammatory Cell Adhesion Molecules in Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease Stroke, August 1, 2002; 33(8): 2115 - 2122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Nonaka, J. Kiryu, A. Tsujikawa, K. Yamashiro, K. Nishijima, H. Kamizuru, Y. Ieki, K. Miyamoto, H. Nishiwaki, Y. Honda, et al. Inflammatory Response after Scatter Laser Photocoagulation in Nonphotocoagulated Retina Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., April 1, 2002; 43(4): 1204 - 1209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. W. Hong, K. Y. Kim, J. H. Lee, H. K. Shin, Y. G. Kwak, S.-O. Kim, H. Lim, and S.-E. Yoo Neuroprotective Effect of (2S,3S,4R)-N""-cyano-N-(6-amino-3, 4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-2H-benzopyran-4-yl)-N'-benzylguanidine (KR-31378), a Benzopyran Analog, against Focal Ischemic Brain Damage in Rats J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., April 1, 2002; 301(1): 210 - 216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Tarnacka, G. Gromadzka, and A. Czlonkowska Increased Circulating Immune Complexes in Acute Stroke: The Triggering Role of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Cytomegalovirus Stroke, April 1, 2002; 33(4): 936 - 940. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Choi, H. K. Shin, K. Y. Kim, J. H. Lee, and K. W. Hong Neuroprotective Effect of Cilostazol against Focal Cerebral Ischemia via Antiapoptotic Action in Rats J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., March 1, 2002; 300(3): 787 - 793. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Ishibashi, O. Prokopenko, K. R. Reuhl, and O. Mirochnitchenko Inflammatory Response and Glutathione Peroxidase in a Model of Stroke J. Immunol., February 15, 2002; 168(4): 1926 - 1933. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Y. Kim, H. K. Shin, J. M. Choi, and K. W. Hong Inhibition of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Apoptosis by Cilostazol in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., February 1, 2002; 300(2): 709 - 715. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Losy and J. Zaremba Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Is Increased in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Ischemic Stroke Stroke, November 1, 2001; 32(11): 2695 - 2696. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Use of anti-ICAM-1 therapy in ischemic stroke: Results of the Enlimomab Acute Stroke Trial Neurology, October 23, 2001; 57(8): 1428 - 1434. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Matsuo, S.-i. Mihara, M. Ninomiya, and M. Fujimoto Protective Effect of Endothelin Type A Receptor Antagonist on Brain Edema and Injury After Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats Stroke, September 1, 2001; 32(9): 2143 - 2148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. B. Mackensen, M. Patel, H. Sheng, C. L. Calvi, I. Batinic-Haberle, B. J. Day, L. P. Liang, I. Fridovich, J. D. Crapo, R. D. Pearlstein, et al. Neuroprotection from Delayed Postischemic Administration of a Metalloporphyrin Catalytic Antioxidant J. Neurosci., July 1, 2001; 21(13): 4582 - 4592. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Ito, K. Tanaka, S. Suzuki, T. Dembo, and Y. Fukuuchi Enhanced Expression of Iba1, Ionized Calcium-Binding Adapter Molecule 1, After Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia In Rat Brain Stroke, May 1, 2001; 32(5): 1208 - 1215. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Pang, W. Ye, X.-M. Che, B. J. Roessler, A. L. Betz, and G.-Y. Yang Reduction of Inflammatory Response in the Mouse Brain With Adenoviral-Mediated Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}1 Expression Stroke, February 1, 2001; 32(2): 544 - 552. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Vila, J. Castillo, A. Davalos, and A. Chamorro Proinflammatory Cytokines and Early Neurological Worsening in Ischemic Stroke Stroke, October 1, 2000; 31(10): 2325 - 2329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Tsujikawa, J. Kiryu, A. Nonaka, K. Yamashiro, H. Nishiwaki, Y. Honda, and Y. Ogura Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in diabetic retina after transient retinal ischemia Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2000; 279(3): R980 - R989. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Fassbender, M. Fatar, A. Ragoschke, M. Picard, T. Bertsch, S. Kuehl, and M. Hennerici Subacute But Not Acute Generation of Nitric Oxide in Focal Cerebral Ischemia Stroke, September 1, 2000; 31(9): 2208 - 2211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. S. Kaplan, T. S. Park, E. R. Gonzales, J. M. Gidday, and J. A. Zivin Hydroxyethyl Starch Reduces Leukocyte Adherence and Vascular Injury in the Newborn Pig Cerebral Circulation After Asphyxia Editorial Comment Stroke, September 1, 2000; 31(9): 2218 - 2223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Caimi, F. Ferrara, M. Montana, F. Meli, B. Canino, C. Carollo, and R. L. Presti Acute Ischemic Stroke : Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Membrane Fluidity and Cytosolic Ca2+ Concentration at Baseline and After Chemotactic Activation Stroke, July 1, 2000; 31(7): 1578 - 1582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. M. Clark, L. G. Rinker, N. S. Lessov, K. Hazel, J. K. Hill, M. Stenzel-Poore, F. Eckenstein, and E. C. Haley Jr Lack of Interleukin-6 Expression Is Not Protective Against Focal Central Nervous System Ischemia Editorial Comment Stroke, July 1, 2000; 31(7): 1715 - 1720. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Mabuchi, K. Kitagawa, T. Ohtsuki, K. Kuwabara, Y. Yagita, T. Yanagihara, M. Hori, M. Matsumoto, D.-I. Chang, and G. J. del Zoppo Contribution of Microglia/Macrophages to Expansion of Infarction and Response of Oligodendrocytes After Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats Editorial Comment Stroke, July 1, 2000; 31(7): 1735 - 1743. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Wang, X. Li, D. B. Schmidt, J. J. Foley, F. C. Barone, R. S. Ames, and H. M. Sarau Identification and Molecular Characterization of Rat CXCR3: Receptor Expression and Interferon-Inducible Protein-10 Binding Are Increased in Focal Stroke Mol. Pharmacol., June 1, 2000; 57(6): 1190 - 1198. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-H. Ahmed, Y. Y. He, A. Nassief, J. Xu, X. M. Xu, C. Y. Hsu, and F. M. Faraci Effects of Lipopolysaccharide Priming on Acute Ischemic Brain Injury Editorial Comment Stroke, January 1, 2000; 31(1): 193 - 199. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Lipton Ischemic Cell Death in Brain Neurons Physiol Rev, October 1, 1999; 79(4): 1431 - 1568. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Kostulas, S. H. Pelidou, P. Kivisakk, V. Kostulas, and H. Link Increased IL-1{beta}, IL-8, and IL-17 mRNA Expression in Blood Mononuclear Cells Observed in a Prospective Ischemic Stroke Study Stroke, October 1, 1999; 30(10): 2174 - 2179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Chamorro, N. Vila, C. Ascaso, and R. Blanc Heparin in Acute Stroke With Atrial Fibrillation: Clinical Relevance of Very Early Treatment Arch Neurol, September 1, 1999; 56(9): 1098 - 1102. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Ishikawa, E. Sekizuka, S. Sato, N. Yamaguchi, J. Inamasu, H. Bertalanffy, T. Kawase, and C. Iadecola Effects of Moderate Hypothermia on Leukocyte- Endothelium Interaction in the Rat Pial Microvasculature After Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Editorial Comment Stroke, August 1, 1999; 30(8): 1679 - 1686. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Uhl, S. Pickelmann, F. Rohrich, A. Baethmann, L. Schurer, and F. M. Faraci Influence of Platelet-Activating Factor on Cerebral Microcirculation in Rats : Part 2. Local Application Editorial Comment: Part 2. Local Application Stroke, April 1, 1999; 30(4): 880 - 886. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. L. Zhang, Z. G. Zhang, M. Chopp, and J. A. Zivin Thrombolysis With Tissue Plasminogen Activator Alters Adhesion Molecule Expression in the Ischemic Rat Brain Editorial Comment Stroke, March 1, 1999; 30(3): 624 - 629. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Iadecola, C. A. Salkowski, F. Zhang, T. Aber, M. Nagayama, S. N. Vogel, and M. Elizabeth Ross The Transcription Factor Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 Is Expressed after Cerebral Ischemia and Contributes to Ischemic Brain Injury J. Exp. Med., February 15, 1999; 189(4): 719 - 727. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Weigand, A. Laipple, K. Plaschke, H.-H. Eckstein, E. Martin, and H. J. Bardenheuer Concentration Changes of Malondialdehyde Across the Cerebral Vascular Bed and Shedding of L-Selectin During Carotid Endarterectomy Stroke, February 1, 1999; 30(2): 306 - 311. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Tarkowski, L. Rosengren, C. Blomstrand, C. Jensen, S. Ekholm, and A. Tarkowski Intrathecal Expression of Proteins Regulating Apoptosis in Acute Stroke Stroke, February 1, 1999; 30(2): 321 - 327. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. G. Soriano, A. Coxon, Y. F. Wang, M. P. Frosch, S. A. Lipton, P. R. Hickey, T. N. Mayadas, and P. H. Chan Mice Deficient in Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) Are Less Susceptible to Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Editorial Comment Stroke, January 1, 1999; 30(1): 134 - 139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. L. Hart-Favaloro and O. L. Woodman Rabbit mononuclear leukocytes cause contraction of isolated aorta by the release of serotonin Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 1999; 41(1): 246 - 254. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Maier, K. vB. Ahern, M. L. Cheng, J. E. Lee, M. A. Yenari, G. K. Steinberg, and J. R. Kirsch Optimal Depth and Duration of Mild Hypothermia in a Focal Model of Transient Cerebral Ischemia : Effects on Neurologic Outcome, Infarct Size, Apoptosis, and Inflammation Editorial Comment: Effects on Neurologic Outcome, Infarct Size, Apoptosis, and Inflammation Stroke, October 1, 1998; 29(10): 2171 - 2180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Bavbek, R. Polin, A.-L. Kwan, A. S. Arthur, N. F. Kassell, K. S. Lee, and R. L. Macdonald Monoclonal Antibodies Against ICAM-1 and CD18 Attenuate Cerebral Vasospasm After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rabbits Editorial Comment Stroke, September 1, 1998; 29(9): 1930 - 1936. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Romanic, R. F. White, A. J. Arleth, E. H. Ohlstein, F. C. Barone, and V. L. Dawson Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression Increases After Cerebral Focal Ischemia in Rats : Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Reduces Infarct Size Editorial Comment: Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Reduces Infarct Size Stroke, May 1, 1998; 29(5): 1020 - 1030. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Pantoni, C. Sarti, and D. Inzitari Cytokines and Cell Adhesion Molecules in Cerebral Ischemia : Experimental Bases and Therapeutic Perspectives Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., April 1, 1998; 18(4): 503 - 513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Kostulas, P. Kivisakk, Y. Huang, D. Matusevicius, V. Kostulas, and H. Link Ischemic Stroke Is Associated With a Systemic Increase of Blood Mononuclear Cells Expressing Interleukin-8 mRNA Stroke, February 1, 1998; 29(2): 462 - 466. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Yasuma, R. M. McCarron, M. Spatz, and J. M. Hallenbeck Effects of plasma from hibernating ground squirrels on monocyte-endothelial cell adhesive interactions Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 1997; 273(6): R1861 - R1869. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Martin-Ancel, A. Garcia-Alix, D. Pascual-Salcedo, F. Cabanas, M. Valcarce, and J. Quero Interleukin-6 in the Cerebrospinal Fluid After Perinatal Asphyxia Is Related to Early and Late Neurological Manifestations Pediatrics, November 1, 1997; 100(5): 789 - 794. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|