Stroke, Vol 24, 1865-1873, Copyright © 1993 by American Heart Association
L Cabanes, JL Mas, A Cohen, P Amarenco, PA Cabanes, P Oubary, F Chedru, F Guerin, MG Bousser and J de Recondo
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: An association between atrial septal aneurysm and
embolic events has been suggested. Atrial septal aneurysm has been shown to
be associated with patent foramen ovale and, in some reports, with mitral
valve prolapse. These two latter cardiac disorders have been identified as
potential risk factors for ischemic stroke. The aim of this prospective
study was to assess the role of atrial septal aneurysm as an independent
risk factor for stroke, especially for cryptogenic stroke. METHODS: We
studied the prevalence of atrial septal aneurysm, patent foramen ovale, and
mitral valve prolapse in 100 consecutive patients < 55 years of age with
ischemic stroke who underwent extensive etiological investigations. We
compared these results with those in a control group of 50 consecutive
patients. The diagnosis of atrial septal aneurysm and patent foramen ovale
relied on transesophageal echocardiography with a contrast study and that
of mitral valve prolapse, on two-dimensional transthoracic
echocardiography. RESULTS: Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed
that atrial septal aneurysm (odds ratio, 4.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.3
to 14.6; P = .01) and patent foramen ovale (odds ratio, 3.9; 95% confidence
interval, 1.5 to 10; P = .003) but not mitral valve prolapse were
significantly associated with the diagnosis of cryptogenic stroke. The
stroke odds of a patient with both atrial septal aneurysm and patent
foramen ovale were 33.3 times (95% confidence interval, 4.1 to 270) the
stroke odds of a patient with neither of these cardiac disorders. For a
patient with atrial septal aneurysm of > 10-mm excursion, the stroke
odds were approximately 8 times the stroke odds of a patient with atrial
septal aneurysm of < 10 mm. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that atrial
septal aneurysm and patent foramen ovale are both significantly associated
with cryptogenic stroke and that their association has a marked synergistic
effect. Atrial septal aneurysms of > 10-mm excursion are associated with
a higher risk of stroke.
ARTICLES
Atrial septal aneurysm and patent foramen ovale as risk factors for cryptogenic stroke in patients less than 55 years of age. A study using transesophageal echocardiography
Service de Cardiologie, Hopital Cochin, Paris, France.
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J.-L. Mas, C. Arquizan, C. Lamy, M. Zuber, L. Cabanes, G. Derumeaux, J. Coste, and the Patent Foramen Ovale and Atrial Septal Aneurys Recurrent Cerebrovascular Events Associated with Patent Foramen Ovale, Atrial Septal Aneurysm, or Both N. Engl. J. Med., December 13, 2001; 345(24): 1740 - 1746. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. ALP, N. CLARKE, and A. P BANNING How should patients with patent foramen ovale be managed? Heart, March 1, 2001; 85(3): 242 - 244. [Full Text]
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J. Hung, M. J. Landzberg, K. J. Jenkins, M. E. E. King, J. E. Lock, I. F. Palacios, and P. Lang Closure of patent foramen ovale for paradoxical emboli: intermediate-term risk of recurrent neurological events following transcatheter device placement J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 1, 2000; 35(5): 1311 - 1316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Windecker, A. Wahl, T. Chatterjee, A. Garachemani, F. R. Eberli, C. Seiler, and B. Meier Percutaneous Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale in Patients With Paradoxical Embolism : Long-Term Risk of Recurrent Thromboembolic Events Circulation, February 29, 2000; 101(8): 893 - 898. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Berthet, T. Lavergne, A. Cohen, L. Guize, M.-G. Bousser, J.-Y. Le Heuzey, and P. Amarenco Significant Association of Atrial Vulnerability With Atrial Septal Abnormalities in Young Patients With Ischemic Stroke of Unknown Cause Stroke, February 1, 2000; 31(2): 398 - 403. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J CHAMBERS Should percutaneous devices be used to close a patent foramen ovale after cerebral infarction or TIA? Heart, November 1, 1999; 82(5): 537 - 538. [Full Text]
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D. W. Droste, M. Reisener, V. Kemeny, R. Dittrich, G. Schulte-Altedorneburg, J. Stypmann, T. Wichter, and E. B. Ringelstein Contrast Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound in the Detection of Right-to-Left Shunts : Reproducibility, Comparison of 2 Agents, and Distribution of Microemboli Stroke, May 1, 1999; 30(5): 1014 - 1018. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Serena, T. Segura, M. J. Perez-Ayuso, J. Bassaganyas, A. Molins, and A. Davalos The Need to Quantify Right-to-Left Shunt in Acute Ischemic Stroke : A Case-Control Study Stroke, July 1, 1998; 29(7): 1322 - 1328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. D. Cheitlin, J. S. Alpert, W. F. Armstrong, G. P. Aurigemma, G. A. Beller, F. Z. Bierman, T. W. Davidson, J. L. Davis, P. S. Douglas, L. D. Gillam, et al. ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Clinical Application of Echocardiography : A Report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Clinical Application of Echocardiography) Developed in Collaboration With the American Society of Echocardiography Circulation, March 18, 1997; 95(6): 1686 - 1744. [Full Text]
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H. Haapaniemi, M. Hillbom, and S. Juvela Weekend and Holiday Increase in the Onset of Ischemic Stroke in Young Women Stroke, June 1, 1996; 27(6): 1023 - 1027. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G. Rauh, M. Fischereder, and F. A. Spengel Transesophageal Echocardiography in Patients With Focal Cerebral Ischemia of Unknown Cause Stroke, April 1, 1996; 27(4): 691 - 694. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. Mugge, W. G. Daniel, C. Angermann, C. Spes, B. K. Khandheria, I. Kronzon, R. S. Freedberg, A. Keren, K. Dennig, R. Engberding, et al. Atrial Septal Aneurysm in Adult Patients : A Multicenter Study Using Transthoracic and Transesophageal Echocardiography Circulation, June 1, 1995; 91(11): 2785 - 2792. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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H. P. Adams Jr, L. J. Kappelle, J. Biller, D. L. Gordon, B. B. Love, F. Gomez, and M. Heffner Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults: Experience in 329 Patients Enrolled in the Iowa Registry of Stroke in Young Adults Arch Neurol, May 1, 1995; 52(5): 491 - 495. [Abstract] [PDF]
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