Stroke, Vol 24, 987-993, Copyright © 1993 by American Heart Association
JP Broderick, TG Brott, JE Duldner, T Tomsick and G Huster
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the 30- day
mortality and morbidity of intracerebral hemorrhage in a large metropolitan
population and to determine the most important predictors of 30-day
outcome. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records and computed tomographic
films for all cases of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in Greater
Cincinnati during 1988. Independent predictors of 30-day mortality were
determined using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. RESULTS:
The 30-day mortality for the 188 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage was 44%,
with half of deaths occurring within the first 2 days of onset. Volume of
intracerebral hemorrhage was the strongest predictor of 30-day mortality
for all locations of intracerebral hemorrhage. Using three categories of
parenchymal hemorrhage volume (0 to 29 cm3, 30 to 60 cm3, and 61 cm3 or
more), calculated by a quick and easy-to-use ellipsoid method, and two
categories of the Glasgow Coma Scale (9 or more and 8 or less), 30-day
mortality was predicted correctly with a sensitivity of 96% and a
specificity of 98%. Patients with a parenchymal hemorrhage volume of 60 cm3
or more on their initial computed tomogram and a Glasgow Coma Scale score
of 8 or less had a predicted 30-day mortality of 91%. Patients with a
volume of less than 30 cm3 and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 9 or more had
a predicted 30-day mortality of 19%. Only one of the 71 patients with a
volume of parenchymal hemorrhage of 30 cm3 or more could function
independently at 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: Volume of intracerebral hemorrhage,
in combination with the initial Glasgow Coma Scale score, is a powerful and
easy-to-use predictor of 30-day mortality and morbidity in patients with
spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.
ARTICLES
Volume of intracerebral hemorrhage. A powerful and easy-to-use predictor of 30-day mortality
Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH 45267-0525.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  Y.-C. Chuang, Y.-M. Chen, S.-K. Peng, and S.-Y. Peng Risk stratification for predicting 30-day mortality of intracerebral hemorrhage Int. J. Qual. Health Care, December 1, 2009; 21(6): 441 - 447. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. C. Hemphill III, M. Farrant, and T. A. Neill Jr Prospective validation of the ICH Score for 12-month functional outcome Neurology, October 6, 2009; 73(14): 1088 - 1094. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Karki, R. A. Knight, Y. Han, D. Yang, J. Zhang, K. A. Ledbetter, M. Chopp, and D. M. Seyfried Simvastatin and Atorvastatin Improve Neurological Outcome After Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, October 1, 2009; 40(10): 3384 - 3389. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Sims, L. R. Gharai, P. W. Schaefer, M. Vangel, E. S. Rosenthal, M. H. Lev, and L. H. Schwamm ABC/2 for rapid clinical estimate of infarct, perfusion, and mismatch volumes Neurology, June 16, 2009; 72(24): 2104 - 2110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. R. Zazulia, T. O. Videen, and W. J. Powers Transient Focal Increase in Perihematomal Glucose Metabolism After Acute Human Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, May 1, 2009; 40(5): 1638 - 1643. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. C. Jordan, J. T. Kleinman, and A. E. Hillis Intracerebral Hemorrhage Volume Predicts Poor Neurologic Outcome in Children Stroke, May 1, 2009; 40(5): 1666 - 1671. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. H. Sansing, S. R. Messe, B. L. Cucchiara, S. N. Cohen, P. D. Lyden, S. E. Kasner, and For the CHANT Investigators Prior antiplatelet use does not affect hemorrhage growth or outcome after ICH Neurology, April 21, 2009; 72(16): 1397 - 1402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Y. Zubkov, R. D. McBane, R. D. Brown, and A. A. Rabinstein Brain Lesions in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Stroke, April 1, 2009; 40(4): 1509 - 1511. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. D. Barras, B. M. Tress, S. Christensen, L. MacGregor, M. Collins, P. M. Desmond, B. E. Skolnick, S. A. Mayer, J. P. Broderick, M. N. Diringer, et al. Density and Shape as CT Predictors of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Growth Stroke, April 1, 2009; 40(4): 1325 - 1331. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Mayer, S. M. Davis, B. E. Skolnick, N. C. Brun, K. Begtrup, J. P. Broderick, M. N. Diringer, and T. Steiner Can a Subset of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients Benefit From Hemostatic Therapy With Recombinant Activated Factor VII? Stroke, March 1, 2009; 40(3): 833 - 840. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. V. Patel, E. FitzMaurice, R. N. K. Nandigam, P. Auluck, A. Viswanathan, J. N. Goldstein, J. Rosand, S. M. Greenberg, and E. E. Smith Association of Subdural Hematoma With Increased Mortality in Lobar Intracerebral Hemorrhage Arch Neurol, January 1, 2009; 66(1): 79 - 84. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Y. Zubkov, J. N. Mandrekar, D. O. Claassen, E. M. Manno, E. F. M. Wijdicks, and A. A. Rabinstein Predictors of Outcome in Warfarin-Related Intracerebral Hemorrhage Arch Neurol, October 1, 2008; 65(10): 1320 - 1325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. C. Fric-Shamji, M. F. Shamji, J. Cole, and B. G. Benoit Modifiable risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage: Study of anticoagulated patients Can Fam Physician, August 1, 2008; 54(8): 1138 - 1139.e4. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. S. Rost, E. E. Smith, Y. Chang, R. W. Snider, R. Chanderraj, K. Schwab, E. FitzMaurice, L. Wendell, J. N. Goldstein, S. M. Greenberg, et al. Prediction of Functional Outcome in Patients With Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage: The FUNC Score Stroke, August 1, 2008; 39(8): 2304 - 2309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. E. Burgess, S. Warach, T. J. Schaewe, B. R. Copenhaver, J. R. Alger, P. Vespa, N. Martin, J. L. Saver, and C. S. Kidwell Development and Validation of a Simple Conversion Model for Comparison of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Volumes Measured on CT and Gradient Recalled Echo MRI Stroke, July 1, 2008; 39(7): 2017 - 2020. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. A. Mayer, N. C. Brun, K. Begtrup, J. Broderick, S. Davis, M. N. Diringer, B. E. Skolnick, T. Steiner, and the FAST Trial Investigators Efficacy and Safety of Recombinant Activated Factor VII for Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage N. Engl. J. Med., May 15, 2008; 358(20): 2127 - 2137. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R M Lazar, A E Speizer, J R Festa, J W Krakauer, and R S Marshall Variability in language recovery after first-time stroke J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, May 1, 2008; 79(5): 530 - 534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Mehdiratta, S. Kumar, D. Hackney, G. Schlaug, and M. Selim Association Between Serum Ferritin Level and Perihematoma Edema Volume in Patients With Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, April 1, 2008; 39(4): 1165 - 1170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Hallevi, K. C. Albright, J. Aronowski, A. D. Barreto, S. Martin-Schild, A. M. Khaja, N. R. Gonzales, K. Illoh, E. A. Noser, and J. C. Grotta Intraventricular hemorrhage: Anatomic relationships and clinical implications Neurology, March 11, 2008; 70(11): 848 - 852. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Kim, A. Smith, J.C. Hemphill III, W.S. Smith, Y. Lu, W.P. Dillon, and M. Wintermark Contrast Extravasation on CT Predicts Mortality in Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., March 1, 2008; 29(3): 520 - 525. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Yamashita, Y. Ando, M. Ueda, M. Nakamura, S. Okamoto, M. E. Zeledon, T. Hirahara, T. Hirai, A. Ueda, Y. Misumi, et al. Effect of liver transplantation on transthyretin Tyr114Cys-related cerebral amyloid angiopathy Neurology, January 8, 2008; 70(2): 123 - 128. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Broderick, S. Connolly, E. Feldmann, D. Hanley, C. Kase, D. Krieger, M. Mayberg, L. Morgenstern, C. S. Ogilvy, P. Vespa, et al. REPRINT: Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Adults: 2007 Update: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, High Blood Pressure Research Council, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Group: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists. Circulation, October 16, 2007; 116(16): e391 - e413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Claassen, N. Jette, F. Chum, R. Green, M. Schmidt, H. Choi, J. Jirsch, J. A. Frontera, E. S. Connolly, R. G. Emerson, et al. Electrographic seizures and periodic discharges after intracerebral hemorrhage Neurology, September 25, 2007; 69(13): 1356 - 1365. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. M. Thompson, S. Y. Gerlach, H. K. S. Jorn, J. M. Larson, T. G. Brott, and J. A. Files Advances in the Care of Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage Mayo Clin. Proc., August 1, 2007; 82(8): 987 - 990. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. D. Lyden, A. Shuaib, K. R. Lees, A. Davalos, S. M. Davis, H.-C. Diener, J. C. Grotta, T. J. Ashwood, H.-G. Hardemark, H. H. Svensson, et al. Safety and Tolerability of NXY-059 for Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: The CHANT Trial Stroke, August 1, 2007; 38(8): 2262 - 2269. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. A. Christoforidis, A. Slivka, Y. Mohammad, C. Karakasis, B. Avutu, and M. Yang Size Matters: Hemorrhage Volume as an Objective Measure to Define Significant Intracranial Hemorrhage Associated With Thrombolysis Stroke, June 1, 2007; 38(6): 1799 - 1804. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Broderick, S. Connolly, E. Feldmann, D. Hanley, C. Kase, D. Krieger, M. Mayberg, L. Morgenstern, C. S. Ogilvy, P. Vespa, et al. Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Adults: 2007 Update: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, High Blood Pressure Research Council, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Group: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists. Stroke, June 1, 2007; 38(6): 2001 - 2023. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. B. Zahuranec, D. L. Brown, L. D. Lisabeth, N. R. Gonzales, P. J. Longwell, M. A. Smith, N. M. Garcia, and L. B. Morgenstern Early care limitations independently predict mortality after intracerebral hemorrhage Neurology, May 15, 2007; 68(20): 1651 - 1657. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Wada, R. I. Aviv, A. J. Fox, D. J. Sahlas, D. J. Gladstone, G. Tomlinson, and S. P. Symons CT Angiography "Spot Sign" Predicts Hematoma Expansion in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, April 1, 2007; 38(4): 1257 - 1262. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. R. Wagner Modeling Intracerebal Hemorrhage: Glutamate, Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Signaling and Cytokines Stroke, February 1, 2007; 38(2): 753 - 758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Mayer Recombinant Activated Factor VII for Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, February 1, 2007; 38(2): 763 - 767. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. H. Tayal, R. Gupta, H. Yonas, T. Jovin, K. Uchino, M. Hammer, L. Wechsler, and J. M. Gebel Quantitative Perihematomal Blood Flow in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Predicts In-Hospital Functional Outcome Stroke, February 1, 2007; 38(2): 319 - 324. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. B. Lee, E. M. Manno, K. F. Layton, and E. F.M. Wijdicks Progression of warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage after INR normalization with FFP. Neurology, October 10, 2006; 67(7): 1272 - 1274. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Shalmi and P. Aurup Off-Label Reports of New Biologics: Exciting New Therapy or Dubious Research? Examples From Recombinant Activated Factor VII J Intensive Care Med, July 1, 2006; 21(4): 247 - 248. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. B. Huttner, P. D. Schellinger, M. Hartmann, M. Kohrmann, E. Juettler, J. Wikner, S. Mueller, U. Meyding-Lamade, R. Strobl, U. Mansmann, et al. Hematoma Growth and Outcome in Treated Neurocritical Care Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage Related to Oral Anticoagulant Therapy: Comparison of Acute Treatment Strategies Using Vitamin K, Fresh Frozen Plasma, and Prothrombin Complex Concentrates Stroke, June 1, 2006; 37(6): 1465 - 1470. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Hays and M. N. Diringer Elevated troponin levels are associated with higher mortality following intracerebral hemorrhage Neurology, May 9, 2006; 66(9): 1330 - 1334. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Davis, J. Broderick, M. Hennerici, N. C. Brun, M. N. Diringer, S. A. Mayer, K. Begtrup, T. Steiner, and for the Recombinant Activated Factor VII Intracere Hematoma growth is a determinant of mortality and poor outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage Neurology, April 25, 2006; 66(8): 1175 - 1181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Godoy, G. Pinero, and M. Di Napoli Predicting Mortality in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Can Modification to Original Score Improve the Prediction? Stroke, April 1, 2006; 37(4): 1038 - 1044. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R.D. Zimmerman, J.A. Maldjian, N.C. Brun, B. Horvath, and B.E. Skolnick Radiologic Estimation of Hematoma Volume in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Trial by CT Scan AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., March 1, 2006; 27(3): 666 - 670. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D B Zahuranec, N R Gonzales, D L Brown, L D Lisabeth, P J Longwell, S V Eden, M A Smith, N M Garcia, J T Hoff, and L B Morgenstern Presentation of intracerebral haemorrhage in a community. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, March 1, 2006; 77(3): 340 - 344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S.-C. Tang, S.-J. Huang, J.-S. Jeng, and P.-K. Yip Third Ventricle Midline Shift Due to Spontaneous Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evaluated by Transcranial Color-Coded Sonography J. Ultrasound Med., February 1, 2006; 25(2): 203 - 209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C Foerch, I Curdt, B Yan, F Dvorak, M Hermans, J Berkefeld, A Raabe, T Neumann-Haefelin, H Steinmetz, and M Sitzer Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein as a biomarker for intracerebral haemorrhage in patients with acute stroke J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, February 1, 2006; 77(2): 181 - 184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. B. Huttner, T. Steiner, M. Hartmann, M. Kohrmann, E. Juettler, S. Mueller, J. Wikner, U. Meyding-Lamade, P. Schramm, S. Schwab, et al. Comparison of ABC/2 Estimation Technique to Computer-Assisted Planimetric Analysis in Warfarin-Related Intracerebral Parenchymal Hemorrhage Stroke, February 1, 2006; 37(2): 404 - 408. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. B. Zahuranec, D. L. Brown, L. D. Lisabeth, N. R. Gonzales, P. J. Longwell, S. V. Eden, M. A. Smith, N. M. Garcia, and L. B. Morgenstern Differences in intracerebral hemorrhage between Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites Neurology, January 10, 2006; 66(1): 30 - 34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Saloheimo, M. Ahonen, S. Juvela, J. Pyhtinen, E.-R. Savolainen, and M. Hillbom Regular Aspirin-Use Preceding the Onset of Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage is an Independent Predictor for Death Stroke, January 1, 2006; 37(1): 129 - 133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Toyoda, Y. Okada, K. Minematsu, M. Kamouchi, S. Fujimoto, S. Ibayashi, and T. Inoue Antiplatelet therapy contributes to acute deterioration of intracerebral hemorrhage Neurology, October 11, 2005; 65(7): 1000 - 1004. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M J Ariesen, A Algra, H B van der Worp, and G J E Rinkel Applicability and relevance of models that predict short term outcome after intracerebral haemorrhage J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, June 1, 2005; 76(6): 839 - 844. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Castellanos, R Leira, J Tejada, A Gil-Peralta, A Davalos, J Castillo, and for the Stroke Project, Cerebrovascular Diseases G Predictors of good outcome in medium to large spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhages J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, May 1, 2005; 76(5): 691 - 695. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. M. Manno, J. L. D. Atkinson, J. R. Fulgham, and E. F. M. Wijdicks Emerging Medical and Surgical Management Strategies in the Evaluation and Treatment of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Mayo Clin. Proc., March 1, 2005; 80(3): 420 - 433. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
NINDS ICH Workshop Participants Priorities for Clinical Research in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Report From a National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Workshop Stroke, March 1, 2005; 36(3): e23 - e41. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Mayer, N. C. Brun, K. Begtrup, J. Broderick, S. Davis, M. N. Diringer, B. E. Skolnick, T. Steiner, and the Recombinant Activated Factor VII Intracerebral Recombinant Activated Factor VII for Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage N. Engl. J. Med., February 24, 2005; 352(8): 777 - 785. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Marti-Fabregas, R. Belvis, E. Guardia, D. Cocho, and J.-L. Marti-Vilalta Relationship between Transcranial Doppler and CT Data in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., January 1, 2005; 26(1): 113 - 118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. I. Qureshi, Y. M. Mohammad, A. M. Yahia, J. I. Suarez, A. M. Siddiqui, J. F. Kirmani, M. F. K. Suri, J. Kolb, and O. O. Zaidat A Prospective Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Feasibility and Safety of Aggressive Antihypertensive Treatment in Patients With Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage J Intensive Care Med, January 1, 2005; 20(1): 34 - 42. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Mayer, N. C. Brun, J. Broderick, S. Davis, M. N. Diringer, B. E. Skolnick, T. Steiner, and for the Europe/AustralAsia NovoSeven ICH Trial Inv Safety and Feasibility of Recombinant Factor VIIa for Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, January 1, 2005; 36(1): 74 - 79. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 U. Thiem, C. Friedrich, G. Deutschinoff, and L. Pientka The Prognostic Impact of Oral Anticoagulant Treatment in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage Arch Intern Med, December 13, 2004; 164(22): 2504 - 2505. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. D. Ardizzone, A. Lu, K. R. Wagner, Y. Tang, R. Ran, and F. R. Sharp Glutamate Receptor Blockade Attenuates Glucose Hypermetabolism in Perihematomal Brain After Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rat Stroke, November 1, 2004; 35(11): 2587 - 2591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Flibotte, N. Hagan, J. O'Donnell, S. M. Greenberg, and J. Rosand Warfarin, hematoma expansion, and outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage Neurology, September 28, 2004; 63(6): 1059 - 1064. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Leira, A. Davalos, Y. Silva, A. Gil-Peralta, J. Tejada, M. Garcia, and J. Castillo Early neurologic deterioration in intracerebral hemorrhage: Predictors and associated factors Neurology, August 10, 2004; 63(3): 461 - 467. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Hemphill III, J. Newman, S. Zhao, and S. C. Johnston Hospital Usage of Early Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders and Outcome After Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, May 1, 2004; 35(5): 1130 - 1134. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Rosand, M. H. Eckman, K. A. Knudsen, D. E. Singer, and S. M. Greenberg The Effect of Warfarin and Intensity of Anticoagulation on Outcome of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Arch Intern Med, April 26, 2004; 164(8): 880 - 884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Wessels, W. Moller-Hartmann, J. Noth, and C. Klotzsch CT Findings and Clinical Features as Markers for Patient Outcome in Primary Pontine Hemorrhage AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., February 1, 2004; 25(2): 257 - 260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M Barber, G Roditi, D J Stott, and P Langhorne Poor outcome in primary intracerebral haemorrhage: results of a matched comparison Postgrad. Med. J., February 1, 2004; 80(940): 89 - 92. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Passero, G. Ciacci, and M. Ulivelli The influence of diabetes and hyperglycemia on clinical course after intracerebral hemorrhage Neurology, November 25, 2003; 61(10): 1351 - 1356. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Nagaratnam, P. Bou-Haidar, and H. Leung Confused and disturbed behaviour in the elderly following silent frontal lobe infarction American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, November 1, 2003; 18(6): 333 - 339. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Marti-Fabregas, R. Belvis, E. Guardia, D. Cocho, J. Munoz, L. Marruecos, and J.-L. Marti-Vilalta Prognostic value of Pulsatility Index in acute intracerebral hemorrhage Neurology, October 28, 2003; 61(8): 1051 - 1056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. T. F. Cheung and L.-Y. Zou Use of the Original, Modified, or New Intracerebral Hemorrhage Score to Predict Mortality and Morbidity After Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, July 1, 2003; 34(7): 1717 - 1722. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Vespa, K. O'Phelan, M. Shah, J. Mirabelli, S. Starkman, C. Kidwell, J. Saver, M. R. Nuwer, J. G. Frazee, D. A. McArthur, et al. Acute seizures after intracerebral hemorrhage: A factor in progressive midline shift and outcome Neurology, May 13, 2003; 60(9): 1441 - 1446. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Mayer Ultra-Early Hemostatic Therapy for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, January 1, 2003; 34(1): 224 - 229. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Gebel Jr, E. C. Jauch, T. G. Brott, J. Khoury, L. Sauerbeck, S. Salisbury, J. Spilker, T. A. Tomsick, J. Duldner, and J. P. Broderick Relative Edema Volume Is a Predictor of Outcome in Patients With Hyperacute Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, November 1, 2002; 33(11): 2636 - 2641. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Rabinstein, J. L. Atkinson, and E. F.M. Wijdicks Emergency craniotomy in patients worsening due to expanded cerebral hematoma: To what purpose? Neurology, May 14, 2002; 58(9): 1367 - 1372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Castillo, A. Davalos, J. Alvarez-Sabin, J. M. Pumar, R. Leira, Y. Silva, J. Montaner, and C.S. Kase Molecular signatures of brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage Neurology, February 26, 2002; 58(4): 624 - 629. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Xi, Y. Hua, R. R. Bhasin, S. R. Ennis, R. F. Keep, and J. T. Hoff Mechanisms of Edema Formation After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Effects of Extravasated Red Blood Cells on Blood Flow and Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity Stroke, December 1, 2001; 32(12): 2932 - 2938. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Lyden, M. Jacoby, J. Schim, G. Albers, P. Mazzeo, T. Ashwood, A. Nordlund, and T. Odergren The Clomethiazole Acute Stroke Study in tissue-type plasminogen activator-treated stroke (CLASS-T): Final results Neurology, October 9, 2001; 57(7): 1199 - 1205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Surma-aho, M. Niemela, J. Vilkki, M. Kouri, A. Brander, O. Salonen, A. Paetau, M. Kallio, J. Pyykkonen, LicPhil;, and J. Jaaskelainen Adverse long-term effects of brain radiotherapy in adult low-grade glioma patients Neurology, May 22, 2001; 56(10): 1285 - 1290. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. I. Qureshi, S. Tuhrim, J. P. Broderick, H. H. Batjer, H. Hondo, and D. F. Hanley Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage N. Engl. J. Med., May 10, 2001; 344(19): 1450 - 1460. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Hemphill III, D. C. Bonovich, L. Besmertis, G. T. Manley, S. C. Johnston, and S. Tuhrim The ICH Score : A Simple, Reliable Grading Scale for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Editorial Comment: A Simple, Reliable Grading Scale for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, April 1, 2001; 32(4): 891 - 897. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.J. Becker, A.B. Baxter, W.A. Cohen, H.M. Bybee, D.L. Tirschwell, D.W. Newell, H.R. Winn, and W.T. Longstreth Jr. Withdrawal of support in intracerebral hemorrhage may lead to self-fulfilling prophecies Neurology, March 27, 2001; 56(6): 766 - 772. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Berwaerts, R. S. Dijkhuizen, O. J. Robb, and J. Webster Prediction of Functional Outcome and In-Hospital Mortality After Admission With Oral Anticoagulant-Related Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, November 1, 2000; 31(11): 2558 - 2562. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. G. Phan, M. Koh, R. A. Vierkant, and E. F.M. Wijdicks Hydrocephalus Is a Determinant of Early Mortality in Putaminal Hemorrhage Stroke, September 1, 2000; 31(9): 2157 - 2162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Montes, J. H. Wong, P. B. Fayad, and I. A. Awad Stereotactic Computed Tomographic-Guided Aspiration and Thrombolysis of Intracerebral Hematoma : Protocol and Preliminary Experience Stroke, April 1, 2000; 31(4): 834 - 840. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Schwarz, K. Hafner, A. Aschoff, and S. Schwab Incidence and prognostic significance of fever following intracerebral hemorrhage Neurology, January 25, 2000; 54(2): 354 - 354. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Hill, F. L. Silver, P. C. Austin, and J. V. Tu Rate of Stroke Recurrence in Patients With Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, January 1, 2000; 31(1): 123 - 127. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. J. Becker, A. B. Baxter, H. M. Bybee, D. L. Tirschwell, T. Abouelsaad, and W. A. Cohen Extravasation of Radiographic Contrast Is an Independent Predictor of Death in Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, October 1, 1999; 30(10): 2025 - 2032. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Zuccarello, T. Brott, L. Derex, R. Kothari, L. Sauerbeck, J. Tew, H. Van Loveren, H.-S. Yeh, T. Tomsick, A. Pancioli, et al. Early Surgical Treatment for Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage : A Randomized Feasibility Study Stroke, September 1, 1999; 30(9): 1833 - 1839. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. F. Edwards, H. Hollingsworth, A. R. Zazulia, and M. N. Diringer Artificial neural networks improve the prediction of mortality in intracerebral hemorrhage Neurology, July 1, 1999; 53(2): 351 - 351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. R. Zazulia, M. N. Diringer, C. P. Derdeyn, and W. J. Powers Progression of Mass Effect After Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, June 1, 1999; 30(6): 1167 - 1173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. D Flemming, E. F M Wijdicks, E. K S. Louis, and H. Li Predicting deterioration in patients with lobar haemorrhages J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, May 1, 1999; 66(5): 600 - 605. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Bakshi, S. Kamran, P. R. Kinkel, V. E. Bates, L. L. Mechtler, V. Janardhan, S. L. Belani, and W. R. Kinkel Fluid-Attenuated Inversion-Recovery MR Imaging in Acute and Subacute Cerebral Intraventricular Hemorrhage AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., April 1, 1999; 20(4): 629 - 636. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. D. Bushnell, B. G. Phillips-Bute, D. T. Laskowitz, J. R. Lynch, V. Chilukuri, and C. O. Borel Survival and outcome after endotracheal intubation for acute stroke Neurology, April 1, 1999; 52(7): 1374 - 1374. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. I. Qureshi, D. A. Wilson, D. F. Hanley, and R. J. Traystman No evidence for an ischemic penumbra in massive experimental intracerebral hemorrhage Neurology, January 1, 1999; 52(2): 266 - 266. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Xi, K. R. Wagner, R. F. Keep, Y. Hua, G. M. de Courten-Myers, J. P. Broderick, T. G. Brott, J. T. Hoff, and J. P. Muizelaar Role of Blood Clot Formation on Early Edema Development After Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage • Editorial Comment Stroke, December 1, 1998; 29(12): 2580 - 2586. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Sloan, C. A. Sila, K. W. Mahaffey, C. B. Granger, W. T. Longstreth Jr, P. Koudstaal, H. D. White, J. M. Gore, M. L. Simoons, W. D. Weaver, et al. Prediction of 30-Day Mortality Among Patients With Thrombolysis-Related Intracranial Hemorrhage Circulation, October 6, 1998; 98(14): 1376 - 1382. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Gebel, C. A. Sila, M. A. Sloan, C. B. Granger, J. P. Weisenberger, C. L. Green, E. J. Topol, and K. W. Mahaffey Comparison of the ABC/2 Estimation Technique to Computer-Assisted Volumetric Analysis of Intraparenchymal and Subdural Hematomas Complicating the GUSTO-1 Trial Stroke, September 1, 1998; 29(9): 1799 - 1801. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. N. Diringer, D. F. Edwards, and A. R. Zazulia Hydrocephalus: A Previously Unrecognized Predictor of Poor Outcome From Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, July 1, 1998; 29(7): 1352 - 1357. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Kazui, K. Minematsu, H. Yamamoto, T. Sawada, and T. Yamaguchi Predisposing Factors to Enlargement of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hematoma Stroke, December 1, 1997; 28(12): 2370 - 2375. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Fogelholm, S. Avikainen, and K. Murros Prognostic Value and Determinants of First-Day Mean Arterial Pressure in Spontaneous Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, July 1, 1997; 28(7): 1396 - 1400. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Brott, J. Broderick, R. Kothari, W. Barsan, T. Tomsick, L. Sauerbeck, J. Spilker, J. Duldner, and J. Khoury Early Hemorrhage Growth in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, January 1, 1997; 28(1): 1 - 5. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Mayfrank, J. Kissler, R. Raoofi, P. Delsing, J. Weis, W. Kuker, J.M. Gilsbach, and J. P. Muizelaar Ventricular Dilatation in Experimental Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Pigs: Characterization of Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics and the Effects of Fibrinolytic Treatment Stroke, January 1, 1997; 28(1): 141 - 148. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Kazui, H. Naritomi, H. Yamamoto, T. Sawada, and T. Yamaguchi Enlargement of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Incidence and Time Course Stroke, October 1, 1996; 27(10): 1783 - 1787. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|