Stroke, Vol 25, 66-73, Copyright © 1994 by American Heart Association
AR Folsom, JH Eckfeldt, S Weitzman, J Ma, LE Chambless, RW Barnes, KB Cram and RG Hutchinson
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE--We tested the hypothesis that body mass, waist-
to-hip circumference ratio, physical inactivity, diabetes, hyperglycemia,
and fasting insulin are each positively associated with asymptomatic
carotid artery wall thickness. METHODS--Average intimal- medial carotid
wall thickness (an indicator of atherosclerosis) was measured noninvasively
by B-mode ultrasonography in cross-sectional samples of 45- to 64-year-old
adults, both blacks and whites, free of symptomatic cardiovascular disease,
in four US communities. RESULTS-- Sample mean carotid wall thickness was
approximately 0.7 mm in women (n = 7956) and 0.8 mm in men (n = 6474). Body
mass, waist-to-hip ratio, work physical activity, diabetes, and fasting
insulin were associated (P < .05) with carotid wall thickness in the
hypothesized direction. Adjusted for age, race, smoking, body mass index,
artery depth, and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities field center, mean
wall thickness was greater by 0.02 mm in women and 0.03 mm in men for a
0.07-unit (one SD) larger waist-to-hip ratio. Adjusted mean wall thickness
was about 0.07 mm thicker in participants with diabetes mellitus and 0.02
mm thicker in participants with hyperglycemia (fasting glucose 6.4 to 7.7
mmol/L) than in subjects with fasting glucose < 6.4 mmol/L. Adjusted
mean wall thickness increased by about 0.02 mm with an increase of 100
mmol/L in fasting serum insulin. CONCLUSIONS--Abdominal adiposity, physical
inactivity, and abnormal glucose metabolism are associated positively with
carotid intimal-medial wall thickness, suggesting these factors contribute
to atherogenesis.
ARTICLES
Relation of carotid artery wall thickness to diabetes mellitus, fasting glucose and insulin, body size, and physical activity. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Investigators
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55454.
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K. A. Matthews, J. F. Owens, L. H. Kuller, K. Sutton-Tyrrell, H. C. Lassila, and S. K. Wolfson Stress-Induced Pulse Pressure Change Predicts Women's Carotid Atherosclerosis Stroke, August 1, 1998; 29(8): 1525 - 1530. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Ghiadoni, S. Taddei, A. Virdis, I. Sudano, V. Di Legge, M. Meola, L. Di Venanzio, and A. Salvetti Endothelial Function and Common Carotid Artery Wall Thickening in Patients With Essential Hypertension Hypertension, July 1, 1998; 32(1): 25 - 32. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Gariepy, J. Salomon, N. Denarie, F. Laskri, J. L. Megnien, J. Levenson, and A. Simon Sex and Topographic Differences in Associations Between Large-Artery Wall Thickness and Coronary Risk Profile in a French Working Cohort : The AXA Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 1998; 18(4): 584 - 590. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Minamikawa, M. Yamauchi, D. Inoue, and H. Koshiyama Another Potential Use of Troglitazone in Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 1998; 83(3): 1041 - 1041. [Full Text]
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C. M. Burchfiel, D. S. Sharp, J. D. Curb, B. L. Rodriguez, R. D. Abbott, R. Arakaki, and K. Yano Hyperinsulinemia and Cardiovascular Disease in Elderly Men : The Honolulu Heart Program Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 1998; 18(3): 450 - 457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. P. Donahue, J. A. Bean, R. D. Donahue, R. B. Goldberg, and R. J. Prineas Does Insulin Resistance Unite the Separate Components of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome? : Evidence From the Miami Community Health Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1997; 17(11): 2413 - 2417. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K. Shinozaki, Y. Hattori, M. Suzuki, Y. Hara, A. Kanazawa, H. Takaki, M. Tsushima, and Y. Harano Insulin Resistance as an Independent Risk Factor for Carotid Artery Wall Intima Media Thickening in Vasospastic Angina Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1997; 17(11): 3302 - 3310. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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L. Mykkanen, D. J. Zaccaro, D. H. O'Leary, G. Howard, D. C. Robbins, and S. M. Haffner Microalbuminuria and Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Nondiabetic and NIDDM Subjects : The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) Stroke, September 1, 1997; 28(9): 1710 - 1716. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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P. W.F. Wilson, J. M. Hoeg, R. B. D'Agostino, H. Silbershatz, A. M. Belanger, H. Poehlmann, D. O'Leary, and P. A. Wolf Cumulative Effects of High Cholesterol Levels, High Blood Pressure, and Cigarette Smoking on Carotid Stenosis N. Engl. J. Med., August 21, 1997; 337(8): 516 - 522. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Bonora, J. Willeit, S. Kiechl, F. Oberhollenzer, G. Egger, R. Bonadonna, and M. Muggeo Relationship Between Insulin and Carotid Atherosclerosis in the General Population : The Bruneck Study Stroke, June 1, 1997; 28(6): 1147 - 1152. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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R. L. Sacco, J. K. Roberts, B. Boden-Albala, Q. Gu, I-F. Lin, D. E. Kargman, L. Berglund, W. A. Hauser, S. Shea, and M. C. Paik Race-Ethnicity and Determinants of Carotid Atherosclerosis in a Multiethnic Population : The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study Stroke, May 1, 1997; 28(5): 929 - 935. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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R. G. Hutchinson, R. L. Watson, C. E. Davis, R. Barnes, S. Brown, F. Romm, J. M. Spencer, H.A. Tyroler, K. Wu, R. G. Hutchinson, et al. Racial Differences in Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis: The ARIC Study Angiology, April 1, 1997; 48(4): 279 - 290. [Abstract] [PDF]
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H. C. Lassila, K. S. Tyrrell, K. A. Matthews, S. K. Wolfson, and L. H. Kuller Prevalence and Determinants of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Healthy Postmenopausal Women Stroke, March 1, 1997; 28(3): 513 - 517. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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T. Mannami, M. Konishi, S. Baba, N. Nishi, and A. Terao Prevalence of Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerotic Lesions Detected by High-Resolution Ultrasonography and Its Relation to Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the General Population of a Japanese City : The Suita Study Stroke, March 1, 1997; 28(3): 518 - 525. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. R. Sowers Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor in Normal and Pathological Cardiovascular Physiology Hypertension, March 1, 1997; 29(3): 691 - 699. [Full Text]
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Y. Ohya, I. Abe, K. Fujii, K. Kobayashi, U. Onaka, and M. Fujishima Intima-Media Thickness of the Carotid Artery in Hypertensive Subjects and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patients Hypertension, January 1, 1997; 29(1): 361 - 365. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Wei, C. Gonzalez, S. M. Haffner, D. H. O'Leary, and M. P. Stern Ultrasonographically Assessed Maximum Carotid Artery Wall Thickness in Mexico City Residents and Mexican Americans Living in San Antonio, Texas: Association With Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1996; 16(11): 1388 - 1392. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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L. Niskanen, R. Rauramaa, H. Miettinen, S. M. Haffner, M. Mercuri, and M. Uusitupa Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Elderly Patients With NIDDM and in Nondiabetic Subjects Stroke, November 1, 1996; 27(11): 1986 - 1992. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. Suzuki, K. Shinozaki, A. Kanazawa, Y. Hara, Y. Hattori, M. Tsushima, and Y. Harano Insulin Resistance as an Independent Risk Factor for Carotid Wall Thickening Hypertension, October 1, 1996; 28(4): 593 - 598. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. Baldassarre, E. Tremoli, G. Franceschini, S. Michelagnoli, and C.R. Sirtori Plasma Lipoprotein(a) Is an Independent Factor Associated With Carotid Wall Thickening in Severely but Not Moderately Hypercholesterolemic Patients Stroke, June 1, 1996; 27(6): 1044 - 1049. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G. Howard, D. H. O'Leary, D. Zaccaro, S. Haffner, M. Rewers, R. Hamman, J. V. Selby, M. F. Saad, P. Savage, and R. Bergman Insulin Sensitivity and Atherosclerosis Circulation, May 15, 1996; 93(10): 1809 - 1817. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. L. Muiesan, G. Pasini, M. Salvetti, S. Calebich, R. Zulli, M. Castellano, D. Rizzoni, G. Bettoni, A. Cinelli, E. Porteri, et al. Cardiac and Vascular Structural Changes : Prevalence and Relation to Ambulatory Blood Pressure in a Middle-aged General Population in Northern Italy: The Vobarno Study Hypertension, May 1, 1996; 27(5): 1046 - 1052. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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C. Bonithon-Kopp, P. J. Touboul, C. Berr, C. Magne, and P. Ducimetiere Factors of Carotid Arterial Enlargement in a Population Aged 59 to 71 Years : The EVA Study Stroke, April 1, 1996; 27(4): 654 - 660. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 J. Bogousslavsky, V. Castillo, E. Kumral, I. Henriques, and G. Van Melle Stroke Subtypes and Hypertension: Primary Hemorrhage vs Infarction, Large- vs Small-Artery Disease Arch Neurol, March 1, 1996; 53(3): 265 - 269. [Abstract] [PDF]
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X. Leclerc, O. Godefroy, A. Salhi, C. Lucas, D. Leys, and J.P. Pruvo Helical CT for the Diagnosis of Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery Dissection Stroke, March 1, 1996; 27(3): 461 - 466. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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C. Bonithon-Kopp, P.-J. Touboul, C. Berr, C. Leroux, F. Mainard, D. Courbon, and P. Ducimetiere Relation of Intima-Media Thickness to Atherosclerotic Plaques in Carotid Arteries : The Vascular Aging (EVA) Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 1996; 16(2): 310 - 316. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. R. Sharrett, L. E. Chambless, G. Heiss, C. C. Paton, and W. Patsch Association of Postprandial Triglyceride and Retinyl Palmitate Responses With Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in Middle-aged Men and Women : The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 1995; 15(12): 2122 - 2129. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. Delcker, H.C. Diener, and H. Wilhelm Influence of Vascular Risk Factors for Atherosclerotic Carotid Artery Plaque Progression Stroke, November 1, 1995; 26(11): 2016 - 2022. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. R. Adams, A. Nakagomi, A. Keech, J. Robinson, R. McCredie, B. P. Bailey, S. B. Freedman, and D. S. Celermajer Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Is Only Weakly Correlated With the Extent and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease Circulation, October 15, 1995; 92(8): 2127 - 2134. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. Agewall, B. Fagerberg, S. Attvall, I. Wendelhag, V. Urbanavicius, and J. Wikstrand Carotid Artery Wall Intima-Media Thickness Is Associated With Insulin-Mediated Glucose Disposal in Men at High and Low Coronary Risk Stroke, June 1, 1995; 26(6): 956 - 960. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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V. Salomaa, W. Riley, J. D. Kark, C. Nardo, and A. R. Folsom Non–Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus and Fasting Glucose and Insulin Concentrations Are Associated With Arterial Stiffness Indexes : The ARIC Study Circulation, March 1, 1995; 91(5): 1432 - 1443. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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