(Stroke. 1995;26:1558-1564.)
© 1995 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Risk Factors for Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
From the Departments of Neurosurgery (S.J.) and Neurology (H.P.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, and the Department of Neurology (M.H.), Oulu University Central Hospital (Finland).
Background and Purpose Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage has remained a serious disease despite recent improvements in medical treatment. This study was designed to identify modifiable risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage.
Methods Health habits, previous diseases, and medication of 156 consecutive patients with intracerebral hemorrhage aged 16 to 60 years (96 men and 60 women) were compared with those of 332 hospitalized control patients (192 men and 140 women) who did not differ from case subjects in respect to age, day of onset of symptoms, or acuteness of disease onset.
Results After adjustment for sex, age, hypertension, body mass
index, smoking status, and alcohol consumption during the last week,
patients who had consumed 1 to 40, 41 to 120, or >120 g of alcohol
within the 24 hours preceding the onset of illness had a relative risk
(95% confidence interval) of hemorrhage of 0.3 (0.2 to 0.7),
4.6 (2.2 to 9.4), and 11.3 (3.0 to 42.8), respectively, compared with
those who had consumed 0 g. In addition, alcohol intake within 1 week
before the onset of illness, excluding use within the last 24 hours,
increased the risk of hemorrhage; adjusted risks were 2.0 (1.1
to 3.5) for 1 to 150 g, 4.3 (1.6 to 11.7) for 151 to 300 g, and 6.5
(2.4 to 17.7) for >300 g compared with 0 g. The adjusted risk of
hypertension for hemorrhage was 6.6 (3.9 to 11.3). Previous
heavy alcohol consumption and current cigarette smoking were not
independent risk factors for hemorrhage, but anticoagulant
treatment was (P<.01). Erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume
and 
-glutamyl transferase values were also higher in patients with
intracerebral hemorrhage than in control
subjects.
Conclusions Recent moderate and heavy alcohol intake as well as hypertension and likely also anticoagulant treatment seem to be independent risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage.
Key Words: intracerebral hemorrhage • alcohol drinking • anticoagulants • hypertension • risk factors
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