(Stroke. 1995;26:1713-1723.)
© 1995 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Role of Potassium Channels in Cerebral Blood Vessels
From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Center and Center on Aging, University of Iowa College of Medicine, and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City.
Correspondence to Frank M. Faraci, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242.
Background Hyperpolarization of vascular muscle in response to activation of potassium channels is a major mechanism of vasodilatation. In cerebral blood vessels, four different potassium channels have been described: ATP-sensitive potassium channels, calcium-activated potassium channels, delayed rectifier potassium channels, and inward rectifier potassium channels.
Summary of Review Activation of ATP-sensitive and calcium-activated potassium channels appears to play a major role in relaxation of cerebral arteries and arterioles in response to diverse stimuli, including receptor-mediated agonists, intracellular second messengers, and hypoxia. Both calcium-activated and delayed rectifier potassium channels may contribute to a negative feedback system that regulates tone in large cerebral arteries. The influence of ATP-sensitive and calcium-activated potassium channels is altered in disease states such as hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis.
Conclusions Activation of potassium channels is a major mechanism of cerebral vasodilatation. Alteration of activity of potassium channels and impairment of vasodilatation may contribute to the development or maintenance of cerebral ischemia or vasospasm.
Key Words: cerebral ischemia • potassium channels • vasodilation
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  A. Kanu and C. W. Leffler Carbon monoxide and Ca2+-activated K+ channels in cerebral arteriolar responses to glutamate and hypoxia in newborn pigs Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2007; 293(5): H3193 - H3200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. W. Britz, J. R. Meno, I.-S. Park, T. J. Abel, A. Chowdhary, T.-S. K. Nguyen, H. R. Winn, and A. C. Ngai Time-Dependent Alterations in Functional and Pharmacological Arteriolar Reactivity After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Stroke, April 1, 2007; 38(4): 1329 - 1335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Andresen, N. I. Shafi, and R. M. Bryan Jr. Endothelial influences on cerebrovascular tone J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2006; 100(1): 318 - 327. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Wang, C. Yin, L. Xi, and R. C. Kukreja Opening of Ca2+-activated K+ channels triggers early and delayed preconditioning against I/R injury independent of NOS in mice Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2004; 287(5): H2070 - H2077. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Kinoshita, K. Nakahata, M. Dojo, Y. Kimoto, and Y. Hatano Lidocaine Impairs Vasodilation Mediated by Adenosine Triphosphate-Sensitive K+ Channels but Not by Inward Rectifier K+ Channels in Rat Cerebral Microvessels Anesth. Analg., September 1, 2004; 99(3): 904 - 909. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Ueda, E. Suehiro, E. P. Wei, H. A. Kontos, and J. T. Povlishock Uncomplicated Rapid Posthypothermic Rewarming Alters Cerebrovascular Responsiveness Stroke, February 1, 2004; 35(2): 601 - 606. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. S. Ningaraj, M. K. Rao, and K. L. Black Adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive Potassium Channel-mediated Blood-Brain Tumor Barrier Permeability Increase in a Rat Brain Tumor Model Cancer Res., December 15, 2003; 63(24): 8899 - 8911. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. I. Rosenblum ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels in the Cerebral Circulation Stroke, June 1, 2003; 34(6): 1547 - 1552. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Santa, T. Kitazono, T. Ago, H. Ooboshi, M. Kamouchi, M. Wakisaka, S. Ibayashi, and M. Iida ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels Mediate Dilatation of Basilar Artery in Response to Intracellular Acidification In Vivo Stroke, May 1, 2003; 34(5): 1276 - 1280. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Kim, J. Han, and E. Kim Effects of prostaglandin F2alpha on membrane currents in rabbit middle cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2003; 284(3): H1018 - H1027. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Toft, J. Aarøe, B. T. Jensen, M. Christiansen, L. Fog, P. E. B. Thomsen, and J. K. Kanters Long QT syndrome patients may faint due to neurocardiogenic syncope Europace, January 1, 2003; 5(4): 367 - 370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. M. Armstead Role of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ in the Physiologic and Pathologic Control of the Cerebral Circulation Experimental Biology and Medicine, December 1, 2002; 227(11): 957 - 968. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. S. Ningaraj, M. Rao, K. Hashizume, K. Asotra, and K. L. Black Regulation of Blood-Brain Tumor Barrier Permeability by Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., June 1, 2002; 301(3): 838 - 851. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Iida, Z. S. Katusic, and E. P. Wei Mechanisms of Cerebral Arterial Relaxations to Hydrogen Peroxide Editorial Comment Stroke, September 1, 2000; 31(9): 2224 - 2230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Bayerle-Eder, M. Wolzt, E. Polska, H. Langenberger, J. Pleiner, D. Teherani, G. Rainer, K. Polak, H.-G. Eichler, and L. Schmetterer Hypercapnia-induced cerebral and ocular vasodilation is not altered by glibenclamide in humans Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, June 1, 2000; 278(6): R1667 - R1673. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. M. Armstead Role of endothelin-1 in age-dependent cerebrovascular hypotensive responses after brain injury Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 1999; 277(5): H1884 - H1894. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. M. Armstead and W. G. Mayhan Superoxide Generation Links Protein Kinase C Activation to Impaired ATP-Sensitive K+ Channel Function After Brain Injury • Editorial Comment Stroke, January 1, 1999; 30(1): 153 - 159. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. M. Armstead Relationship among NO, the KATP channel, and opioids in hypoxic pial artery dilation Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 1998; 275(3): H988 - H994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. P. Marrelli, T. D. Johnson, A. Khorovets, W. F. Childres, R. M. Bryan Jr, and D. W. Busija Altered Function of Inward Rectifier Potassium Channels in Cerebrovascular Smooth Muscle After Ischemia/Reperfusion • Editorial Comment Stroke, July 1, 1998; 29(7): 1469 - 1474. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. M. Armstead ATP-dependent K+ channel activation reduces loss of opioid dilation after brain injury Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 1998; 274(5): H1674 - H1683. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Liu, A. G. Hudetz, H.-G. Knaus, and N. J. Rusch Increased Expression of Ca2+-Sensitive K+ Channels in the Cerebral Microcirculation of Genetically Hypertensive Rats : Evidence for Their Protection Against Cerebral Vasospasm Circ. Res., April 6, 1998; 82(6): 729 - 737. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Okamura, K. Ayajiki, and N. Toda Monkey corpus cavernosum relaxation mediated by NO and other relaxing factor derived from nerves Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 1998; 274(4): H1075 - H1081. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. M. FARACI and D. D. HEISTAD Regulation of the Cerebral Circulation: Role of Endothelium and Potassium Channels Physiol Rev, January 1, 1998; 78(1): 53 - 97. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Bari, T. M. Louis, D. W. Busija, and W. J. Pearce Effects of Ischemia on Cerebral Arteriolar Dilation to Arterial Hypoxia in Piglets • Editorial Comment Stroke, January 1, 1998; 29(1): 222 - 228. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Kasemsri and W. M. Armstead Endothelin impairs ATP-sensitive K+ channel function after brain injury Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 1997; 273(6): H2639 - H2647. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. M. Armstead Brain Injury Impairs ATP-Sensitive K+ Channel Function in Piglet Cerebral Arteries Stroke, November 1, 1997; 28(11): 2273 - 2280. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Onoue and Z. S. Katusic Role of Potassium Channels in Relaxations of Canine Middle Cerebral Arteries Induced by Nitric Oxide Donors Stroke, June 1, 1997; 28(6): 1264 - 1271. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Kinoshita, Z. S. Katusic, and E. P. Wei Role of Potassium Channels in Relaxations of Isolated Canine Basilar Arteries to Acidosis Stroke, February 1, 1997; 28(2): 433 - 438. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Toyoda, K. Fujii, Y. Takata, S. Ibayashi, T. Kitazono, T. Nagao, M. Fujikawa, M. Fujishima, and F. M. Faraci Age-Related Changes in Response of Brain Stem Vessels to Opening of ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels Stroke, January 1, 1997; 28(1): 171 - 175. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. G. Lang, R. Paterno, F. M. Faraci, D. D. Heistad, and J. R. Kirsch Mechanisms of Adrenomedullin-Induced Dilatation of Cerebral Arterioles Stroke, January 1, 1997; 28(1): 181 - 185. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Bari, T. M. Louis, W. Meng, D. W. Busija, and W. G. Mayhan Global Ischemia Impairs ATP-Sensitive K+ Channel Function in Cerebral Arterioles in Piglets Stroke, October 1, 1996; 27(10): 1874 - 1881. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Paterno, F. M. Faraci, D. D. Heistad, and J. E. Brayden Role of Ca2+-Dependent K+ Channels in Cerebral Vasodilatation Induced by Increases in Cyclic GMP and Cyclic AMP in the Rat Stroke, September 1, 1996; 27(9): 1603 - 1608. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|