(Stroke. 1997;28:1382-1385.)
© 1997 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Trunk Control Test as an Early Predictor of Stroke Rehabilitation Outcome
From the Servizio Fisiatria Occupazionale ed Ergonomia, Centro Medico di Riabilitazione di Veruno (F.P.F., C.R., M.T.M.), the Centro Medico di Riabilitazione di Genova Nervi (F.P.F.), and the Unità Operativa di Ricerca, Valutazione Funzionale e Verifica di Qualità in Riabilitazione, Milano (L.T.), IRCCS, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Clinica del Lavoro e della Riabilitazione, Italy.
Correspondence to Dr F.P. Franchignoni, Centro Medico di Riabilitazione, Via per Revislate 13, 28010 Veruno (NO), Italy.
Background and Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the construct and predictive validity of the Trunk Control Test (TCT) in postacute stroke patients by comparing TCT scores at admission and discharge with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores.
Methods Forty-nine patients participated in the study. The TCT examines four movements: rolling from a supine position to the weak side (T1) and to the strong side (T2), sitting up from a lying-down position (T3), and sitting balance (T4). The FIM is an 18-item scale (13 motor [motFIM] and 5 cognitive [cognFIM]) used to determine the level of dependence of patients in daily life.
Results Thirty-six patients (73%) increased their TCT overall score at discharge. The TCT item-total correlations were high, both at admission and discharge (P<.0001). The individual TCT items were intercorrelated. Furthermore, the homogeneity of the TCT was confirmed by a high Cronbach's index. High correlations were found between admission and discharge scores in the different tests (TCT, FIM, and motFIM; P<.0001) and between TCT at admission and FIM (P<.0001) and motFIM (P<.0001) at admission. TCT at admission alone explained 71% of the variance in motFIM at discharge.
Conclusions The TCT showed a good sensitivity to change in
assessing recovery of stroke patients. The high item-total correlation
and Cronbach's 
value of the TCT suggest that there is one
homogeneous construct underlying the item list. The TCT
construct validity was confirmed by the correlation between this test
and the FIM scores. TCT at admission predicted motFIM at discharge even
better than motFIM at admission alone. Possibly, the TCT captures basic
motor skills that foreshadow the recovery of more complex behavioral
skills described by the FIM.
Key Words: cerebrovascular disorders • disability evaluation • outcome • rehabilitation
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  I. J. W. van Nes, M. E. van Kessel, F. Schils, L. Fasotti, A. C. H. Geurts, and G. Kwakkel Is Visuospatial Hemineglect Longitudinally Associated with Postural Imbalance in the Postacute Phase of Stroke? Neurorehabil Neural Repair, October 1, 2009; 23(8): 819 - 824. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Verheyden, L. Vereeck, S. Truijen, M. Troch, C. LaFosse, W. Saeys, E. Leenaerts, A. Palinckx, and W. De Weerdt Additional Exercises Improve Trunk Performance After Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Neurorehabil Neural Repair, March 1, 2009; 23(3): 281 - 286. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. H. Buurke, A. V. Nene, G. Kwakkel, V. Erren-Wolters, M. J. IJzerman, and H. J. Hermens Recovery of Gait After Stroke: What Changes? Neurorehabil Neural Repair, November 1, 2008; 22(6): 676 - 683. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Verheyden, A. Nieuwboer, L. De Wit, H. Feys, B. Schuback, I. Baert, W. Jenni, W. Schupp, V. Thijs, and W. De Weerdt Trunk performance after stroke: an eye catching predictor of functional outcome J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, July 1, 2007; 78(7): 694 - 698. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. L Scheets, S. A Sahrmann, and B. J Norton Use of Movement System Diagnoses in the Management of Patients With Neuromuscular Conditions: A Multiple-Patient Case Report Physical Therapy, June 1, 2007; 87(6): 654 - 669. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Verheyden, A. Nieuwboer, A. Van de Winckel, and W. De Weerdt Clinical tools to measure trunk performance after stroke: a systematic review of the literature Clinical Rehabilitation, May 1, 2007; 21(5): 387 - 394. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Speciale, G. Bellelli, E. Lucchi, and M. Trabucchi DELIRIUM AND FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., January 1, 2007; 62(1): 107 - 108. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Dancause Vicarious Function of Remote Cortex following Stroke: Recent Evidence from Human and Animal Studies Neuroscientist, December 1, 2006; 12(6): 489 - 499. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. J.W. van Nes, H. Latour, F. Schils, R. Meijer, A. van Kuijk, and A. C.H. Geurts Long-Term Effects of 6-Week Whole-Body Vibration on Balance Recovery and Activities of Daily Living in the Postacute Phase of Stroke: A Randomized, Controlled Trial Stroke, September 1, 2006; 37(9): 2331 - 2335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Verheyden, L. Vereeck, S. Truijen, M. Troch, I. Herregodts, C. Lafosse, A. Nieuwboer, and W. De Weerdt Trunk performance after stroke and the relationship with balance, gait and functional ability Clinical Rehabilitation, May 1, 2006; 20(5): 451 - 458. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-H. Wang, I-P. Hsueh, C.-F. Sheu, and C.-L. Hsieh Discriminative, Predictive, and Evaluative Properties of a Trunk Control Measure in Patients With Stroke Physical Therapy, September 1, 2005; 85(9): 887 - 894. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Bagley, M. Hudson, A. Forster, J. Smith, and J. Young A randomized trial evaluation of the Oswestry Standing Frame for patients after stroke Clinical Rehabilitation, April 1, 2005; 19(4): 354 - 364. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G Verheyden, A Nieuwboer, J Mertin, R Preger, C Kiekens, and W De Weerdt The Trunk Impairment Scale: a new tool to measure motor impairment of the trunk after stroke Clinical Rehabilitation, March 1, 2004; 18(3): 326 - 334. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Pyoria, P. Era, and U. Talvitie Relationships Between Standing Balance and Symmetry Measurements in Patients Following Recent Strokes (<=3 Weeks) or Older Strokes (>=6 Months) Physical Therapy, February 1, 2004; 84(2): 128 - 136. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Franchignoni, L. Tesio, E. Benevoloand, and M. Ottonello Psychometric properties of the Rivermead Mobility Index in Italian stroke rehabilitation inpatients Clinical Rehabilitation, March 1, 2003; 17(3): 273 - 282. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Liu, N. Chino, T. Tuji, Y. Masakado, K. Hase, and A. Kimura Psychometric Properties of the Stroke Impairment Assessment Set (SIAS) Neurorehabil Neural Repair, December 1, 2002; 16(4): 339 - 351. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-L. Hsieh, C.-F. Sheu, I-P. Hsueh, and C.-H. Wang Trunk Control as an Early Predictor of Comprehensive Activities of Daily Living Function in Stroke Patients Stroke, November 1, 2002; 33(11): 2626 - 2630. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Dickstein, Y. Heffes, Y. Laufer, and Z. Ben-Haim Activation of selected trunk muscles during symmetric functional activities in poststroke hemiparetic and hemiplegic patients J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, February 1, 1999; 66(2): 218 - 221. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|