(Stroke. 1998;29:2461-2466.)
© 1998 American Heart Association, Inc.
Original Contributions |
Moderate Hypothermia in the Treatment of Patients With Severe Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction
From the Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Correspondence to Stefan Schwab, MD, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. E-mail Stefan_Schwab{at}ukl.uni_heidelberg.de
Background and Purpose—Animal research and clinical studies in head trauma patients suggest that moderate hypothermia may improve outcome by attenuating the deleterious metabolic processes in neuronal injury. Clinical studies on moderate hypothermia in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke patients are still lacking.
Methods—Moderate hypothermia was induced in 25 patients with severe ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory for therapy of postischemic brain edema. Hypothermia was induced within 14±7 hours after stroke onset and achieved by external cooling with cooling blankets, cold infusions, and cold washing. Patients were kept at 33°C body-core temperature for 48 to 72 hours, and intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure, and brain temperature were monitored continuously. Outcome at 4 weeks and 3 months after the stroke was analyzed with the Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) and Barthel index. The side effects of induced moderate hypothermia were analyzed.
Results—Fourteen patients survived the hemispheric stroke (56%). Neurological outcome according to the SSS score was 29 (range, 25 to 37) 4 weeks after stroke and 38 (range 28 to 48) 3 months after stroke. During hypothermia, elevated ICP values could be significantly reduced. Herniation caused by a secondary rise in ICP after rewarming was the cause of death in all remaining patients. The most frequent complication of moderate hypothermia was pneumonia in 10 of the 25 patients (40%). Other severe side effects of hypothermia could not be detected.
Conclusions—Moderate hypothermia in the treatment of severe cerebral ischemia is not associated with severe side effects. Moderate hypothermia can help to control critically elevated ICP values in severe space-occupying edema after MCA stroke and may improve clinical outcome in these patients.
Key Words: hypothermia • intracranial pressure • neuroprotection • outcome • stroke, ischemic • treatment
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R. Davenport and M. Dennis Neurological emergencies: acute stroke J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, March 1, 2000; 68(3): 277 - 288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Hajat, S. Hajat, and P. Sharma Effects of Poststroke Pyrexia on Stroke Outcome : A Meta-Analysis of Studies in Patients Stroke, February 1, 2000; 31(2): 410 - 414. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Schwarz, K. Hafner, A. Aschoff, and S. Schwab Incidence and prognostic significance of fever following intracerebral hemorrhage Neurology, January 25, 2000; 54(2): 354 - 354. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Yanamoto, I. Nagata, I. Nakahara, N. Tohnai, Z. Zhang, H. Kikuchi, and C. Iadecola Combination of Intraischemic and Postischemic Hypothermia Provides Potent and Persistent Neuroprotection Against Temporary Focal Ischemia in Rats • Editorial Comment Stroke, December 1, 1999; 30(12): 2720 - 2726. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G DEVUYST and J BOGOUSSLAVSKY Recent progress in drug treatment for acute stroke J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, October 1, 1999; 67(4): 420 - 425. [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Schmid-Elsaesser, E. Hungerhuber, S. Zausinger, A. Baethmann, H.-J. Reulen, and J. A. Zivin Combination Drug Therapy and Mild Hypothermia : A Promising Treatment Strategy for Reversible, Focal Cerebral Ischemia • Editorial Comment: A Promising Treatment Strategy for Reversible, Focal Cerebral Ischemia Stroke, September 1, 1999; 30 (9): e1891 - 1899. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Manzar, J. Castillo, A. Davalos, J. Marrugat, and M. Noya Body Temperature and Outcome of Asphyxiated Neonate • Response Stroke, May 1, 1999; 30(5): 1153 - 1153. [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Berger, A. Annecke, A. Aschoff, M. Spranger, and S. Schwab Neurochemical Monitoring of Fatal Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction Stroke, February 1, 1999; 30(2): 460 - 463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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