From the Departments of Neurology (J.B., T.B., R.M., J.G., D.M., L.M.),
Emergency Medicine (R.K., A.P.), and Environmental Health (J.K., R.S.),
University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Correspondence to Joseph Broderick, MD, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 231 Bethesda Ave, Room 4010, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0525. E-mail broderjp{at}ucsmtp.edu
Background and Purpose—The Greater
Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study was designed to be the first
large, population-based metropolitan study of temporal trends in stroke
incidence rates and outcome within a biracial population.
Methods—We are identifying all hospitalized and autopsied cases
of stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) among the 1.3
million inhabitants of a five-county region of Greater
Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky for the period 7/1/93–6/30/94. We have
already prospectively monitored for out-of-hospital stroke and TIAs for
this same time period at 128 screening sites, including a random sample
of all primary care physicians and nursing homes in the region. We have
already identified all hospitalized and autopsied cases of stroke and
TIA among blacks for 1/1/93–6/30/93 and report preliminary incidence
rates for this 6-month period.
Results—The overall incidence rate for all first-ever
hospitalized or autopsied stroke (excluding TIAs) among blacks in the
Greater Cincinnati region was 288 per 100 000 (95% CI, 250 to 325,
age- and sex-adjusted to 1990 US population). The overall incidence
rate for first-ever and recurrent stroke (excluding TIAs) was 411 per
100 000 (95% CI, 366 to 456). By comparison, the overall incidence
rate of first-ever stroke among whites in Rochester, Minn, during the
period 1985–1989 was 179 per 100 000 (95% CI, 164 to 194, age-
and-sex adjusted to 1990 US population). The incidence rates among
blacks in Greater Cincinnati were substantially greater than the rates
among whites in Rochester, Minn, for all age categories except ages 75
and older, for which the rates were similar.
Conclusions—We conservatively estimate that 731 100 first-ever
or recurrent strokes occurred in the United States during 1996. Studies
of first-ever as well as total stroke among biracial and
representative populations are critical for
understanding temporal trends in the incidence rate and the burden of
stroke in the US population.
© 1998 American Heart Association, Inc.
Original Contributions
The Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study
Preliminary First-Ever and Total Incidence Rates of Stroke Among Blacks
Key Words: cerebral infarction • epidemiology • intracerebral hemorrhage • racial differences • subarachnoid hemorrhage
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  Y. Zhang, J. M. Galloway, T. K. Welty, D. O. Wiebers, J. P. Whisnant, R. B. Devereux, J. R. Kizer, B. V. Howard, L. D. Cowan, J. Yeh, et al. Incidence and Risk Factors for Stroke in American Indians: The Strong Heart Study Circulation, October 7, 2008; 118(15): 1577 - 1584. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Sawaki, A. J. Butler, Xiaoyan Leng, P. A. Wassenaar, Y. M. Mohammad, S. Blanton, K. Sathian, D. S. Nichols-Larsen, S. L. Wolf, D. C. Good, et al. Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy Results in Increased Motor Map Area in Subjects 3 to 9 Months After Stroke Neurorehabil Neural Repair, September 1, 2008; 22(5): 505 - 513. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. Tafti, S. C. Cramer, and R. Gupta Orthopaedic Management of the Upper Extremity of Stroke Patients J. Am. Acad. Ortho. Surg., August 1, 2008; 16(8): 462 - 470. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. I. Dallas, S. Rone-Adams, J. L. Echternach, L. M. Brass, and D. M. Bravata Dependence in Prestroke Mobility Predicts Adverse Outcomes Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Stroke, August 1, 2008; 39(8): 2298 - 2303. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Avendano and M. M. Glymour Stroke Disparities in Older Americans: Is Wealth a More Powerful Indicator of Risk Than Income and Education? Stroke, May 1, 2008; 39(5): 1533 - 1540. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. O. Zaidat, R. Klucznik, M. J. Alexander, J. Chaloupka, H. Lutsep, S. Barnwell, M. Mawad, B. Lane, M. J. Lynn, M. Chimowitz, et al. The NIH registry on use of the Wingspan stent for symptomatic70-99% intracranial arterial stenosis Neurology, April 22, 2008; 70(17): 1518 - 1524. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Prabhakaran, C. B. Wright, M. Yoshita, R. Delapaz, T. Brown, C. DeCarli, and R. L. Sacco Prevalence and determinants of subclinical brain infarction: The Northern Manhattan Study Neurology, February 5, 2008; 70(6): 425 - 430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Taurino, S. Raffa, M. Mastroddi, V. Visco, L. Rizzo, M. R. Torrisi, and V. Faraglia Metalloproteinase Expression in Carotid Plaque and Its Correlation With Plasma Levels Before and After Carotid Endarterectomy Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, January 1, 2008; 41(6): 516 - 521. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. L. Air and B. M. Kissela Diabetes, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Ischemic Stroke: Epidemiology and possible mechanisms Diabetes Care, December 1, 2007; 30(12): 3131 - 3140. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. A. Nickman, J. Biskupiak, F. Creekmore, H. Shah, and D. I . Brixner Antiplatelet medication management in patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., November 1, 2007; 64(21): 2250 - 2256. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. O. Kleindorfer, R. Miller, C. J. Moomaw, K. Alwell, J. P. Broderick, J. Khoury, D. Woo, M. L. Flaherty, T. Zakaria, and B. M. Kissela Designing a Message for Public Education Regarding Stroke: Does FAST Capture Enough Stroke? Stroke, October 1, 2007; 38(10): 2864 - 2868. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Glymour, M. Avendano, and L. F. Berkman Is the 'Stroke Belt' Worn From Childhood?: Risk of First Stroke and State of Residence in Childhood and Adulthood Stroke, September 1, 2007; 38(9): 2415 - 2421. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Koubeissi and A. Alshekhlee In-hospital mortality of generalized convulsive status epilepticus: A large US sample Neurology, August 28, 2007; 69(9): 886 - 893. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. D. Lyden, A. Shuaib, K. R. Lees, A. Davalos, S. M. Davis, H.-C. Diener, J. C. Grotta, T. J. Ashwood, H.-G. Hardemark, H. H. Svensson, et al. Safety and Tolerability of NXY-059 for Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: The CHANT Trial Stroke, August 1, 2007; 38(8): 2262 - 2269. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. N. Westover, S. McBride, and R. W. Haley Stroke in Young Adults Who Abuse Amphetamines or Cocaine: A Population-Based Study of Hospitalized Patients Arch Gen Psychiatry, April 1, 2007; 64(4): 495 - 502. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Flaherty, B. Kissela, D. Woo, D. Kleindorfer, K. Alwell, P. Sekar, C. J. Moomaw, M. Haverbusch, and J. P. Broderick The increasing incidence of anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage Neurology, January 9, 2007; 68(2): 116 - 121. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Carandang, S. Seshadri, A. Beiser, M. Kelly-Hayes, C. S. Kase, W. B. Kannel, and P. A. Wolf Trends in Incidence, Lifetime Risk, Severity, and 30-Day Mortality of Stroke Over the Past 50 Years JAMA, December 27, 2006; 296(24): 2939 - 2946. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Kleindorfer, J. Broderick, J. Khoury, M. Flaherty, D. Woo, K. Alwell, C. J. Moomaw, A. Schneider, R. Miller, R. Shukla, et al. The Unchanging Incidence and Case-Fatality of Stroke in the 1990s: A Population-Based Study Stroke, October 1, 2006; 37(10): 2473 - 2478. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Shaibani, S. Khawar, W. Shin, T.A. Cashen, B. Schirf, M. Rohany, S. Kakodkar, and T.J. Carroll First Results in an MR Imaging-Compatible Canine Model of Acute Stroke. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., September 1, 2006; 27(8): 1788 - 1793. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. D. Bushnell, P. Hurn, C. Colton, V. M. Miller, G. del Zoppo, M. S.V. Elkind, B. Stern, D. Herrington, G. Ford-Lynch, P. Gorelick, et al. Advancing the Study of Stroke in Women: Summary and Recommendations for Future Research From an NINDS-Sponsored Multidisciplinary Working Group Stroke, September 1, 2006; 37(9): 2387 - 2399. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. T. Bateman, H. C. Schumacher, C. D. Bushnell, J. Pile-Spellman, L. L. Simpson, R. L. Sacco, and M. F. Berman Intracerebral hemorrhage in pregnancy: Frequency, risk factors, and outcome Neurology, August 8, 2006; 67(3): 424 - 429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. B. Goldstein, R. Adams, M. J. Alberts, L. J. Appel, L. M. Brass, C. D. Bushnell, A. Culebras, T. J. DeGraba, P. B. Gorelick, J. R. Guyton, et al. Primary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council: Cosponsored by the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Interdisciplinary Working Group; Cardiovascular Nursing Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Council; and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Circulation, June 20, 2006; 113(24): e873 - e923. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Dubinsky and S.-M. Lai Mortality of stroke patients treated with thrombolysis: Analysis of nationwide inpatient sample Neurology, June 13, 2006; 66(11): 1742 - 1744. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. B. Goldstein, R. Adams, M. J. Alberts, L. J. Appel, L. M. Brass, C. D. Bushnell, A. Culebras, T. J. DeGraba, P. B. Gorelick, J. R. Guyton, et al. Primary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council: Cosponsored by the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Interdisciplinary Working Group; Cardiovascular Nursing Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Council; and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Stroke, June 1, 2006; 37(6): 1583 - 1633. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. O. Kleindorfer, C. J. Lindsell, J. P. Broderick, M. L. Flaherty, D. Woo, I. Ewing, P. Schmit, C. Moomaw, K. Alwell, A. Pancioli, et al. Community Socioeconomic Status and Prehospital Times in Acute Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: Do Poorer Patients Have Longer Delays From 911 Call to the Emergency Department? Stroke, June 1, 2006; 37(6): 1508 - 1513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Kleindorfer, J. Khoury, B. Kissela, K. Alwell, D. Woo, R. Miller, A. Schneider, C. Moomaw, and J. P. Broderick Temporal Trends in the Incidence and Case Fatality of Stroke in Children and Adolescents J Child Neurol, May 1, 2006; 21(5): 415 - 418. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. B. Low, L. Bielory, A. I. Qureshi, V. Dunn, D. F.E. Stuhlmiller, and D. A. Dickey The Relation of Stroke Admissions to Recent Weather, Airborne Allergens, Air Pollution, Seasons, Upper Respiratory Infections, and Asthma Incidence, September 11, 2001, and Day of the Week Stroke, April 1, 2006; 37(4): 951 - 957. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. F. McGruder, J. B. Croft, and Z.-J. Zheng Characteristics of an "Ill-Defined" Diagnosis for Stroke: Opportunities for Improvement Stroke, March 1, 2006; 37(3): 781 - 789. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Z. Deng, M. J. Reeves, B. S. Jacobs, G. L. Birbeck, R. U. Kothari, S. L. Hickenbottom, A. J. Mullard, S. Wehner, K. Maddox, A. Majid, et al. IV tissue plasminogen activator use in acute stroke: Experience from a statewide registry Neurology, February 14, 2006; 66(3): 306 - 312. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Thom, N. Haase, W. Rosamond, V. J. Howard, J. Rumsfeld, T. Manolio, Z.-J. Zheng, K. Flegal, C. O'Donnell, S. Kittner, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics--2006 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Circulation, February 14, 2006; 113(6): e85 - e151. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. T. Bateman, H. C. Schumacher, B. Boden-Albala, M. F. Berman, J.P. Mohr, R. L. Sacco, and J. Pile-Spellman Factors Associated With In-Hospital Mortality After Administration of Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: An Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 1999 to 2002 Stroke, February 1, 2006; 37(2): 440 - 446. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Carter, C. Anderson, M. Hacket, V. Feigin, P. A. Barber, J. B. Broad, R. Bonita, and on behalf of the Auckland Regional Community Strok Trends in Ethnic Disparities in Stroke Incidence in Auckland, New Zealand, During 1981 to 2003 Stroke, January 1, 2006; 37(1): 56 - 62. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. A. Wellenius, J. Schwartz, and M. A. Mittleman Air Pollution and Hospital Admissions for Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke Among Medicare Beneficiaries Stroke, December 1, 2005; 36(12): 2549 - 2553. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Flaherty, D. Woo, M. Haverbusch, C. J. Moomaw, P. Sekar, L. Sauerbeck, B. Kissela, D. Kleindorfer, and J. P. Broderick Potential Applicability of Recombinant Factor VIIa for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, December 1, 2005; 36(12): 2660 - 2664. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. K. Yaggi, J. Concato, W. N. Kernan, J. H. Lichtman, L. M. Brass, and V. Mohsenin Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Risk Factor for Stroke and Death. N. Engl. J. Med., November 10, 2005; 353(19): 2034 - 2041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Ahmed, J. Ness, G. Howard, and W. S. Aronow Cerebrovascular Diseases as Primary Hospital Discharge Diagnoses: National Trend (1970-2000) Among Older Adults J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., October 1, 2005; 60(10): 1328 - 1332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Woo, R. Kaushal, R. Chakraborty, J. Woo, M. Haverbusch, P. Sekar, B. Kissela, A. Pancioli, E. Jauch, D. Kleindorfer, et al. Association of Apolipoprotein E4 and Haplotypes of the Apolipoprotein E Gene With Lobar Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, September 1, 2005; 36(9): 1874 - 1879. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Alberts, R. E. Latchaw, W. R. Selman, T. Shephard, M. N. Hadley, L. M. Brass, W. Koroshetz, J. R. Marler, J. Booss, R. D. Zorowitz, et al. Recommendations for Comprehensive Stroke Centers: A Consensus Statement From the Brain Attack Coalition Stroke, July 1, 2005; 36(7): 1597 - 1616. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. W. Wojner-Alexandrov, A. V. Alexandrov, D. Rodriguez, D. Persse, and J. C. Grotta Houston Paramedic and Emergency Stroke Treatment and Outcomes Study (HoPSTO) Stroke, July 1, 2005; 36(7): 1512 - 1518. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. I. Qureshi, J. F. Kirmani, M. A. Sayed, A. Safdar, S. Ahmed, R. Ferguson, L. A. Hershey, K. J. Qazi, and for the Buffalo Metropolitan Area and Erie County Time to hospital arrival, use of thrombolytics, and in-hospital outcomes in ischemic stroke Neurology, June 28, 2005; 64(12): 2115 - 2120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Paul Coverdell Prototype Registries Writing Gr Acute Stroke Care in the US: Results from 4 Pilot Prototypes of the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry Stroke, June 1, 2005; 36(6): 1232 - 1240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Flaherty, D. Woo, M. Haverbusch, P. Sekar, J. Khoury, L. Sauerbeck, C. J. Moomaw, A. Schneider, B. Kissela, D. Kleindorfer, et al. Racial Variations in Location and Risk of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, May 1, 2005; 36(5): 934 - 937. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Spolaore, S. Brocco, U. Fedeli, C. Visentin, E. Schievano, F. Avossa, G. Milan, V. Toso, D. Vanuzzo, L. Pilotto, et al. Measuring Accuracy of Discharge Diagnoses for a Region-Wide Surveillance of Hospitalized Strokes Stroke, May 1, 2005; 36(5): 1031 - 1034. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Kleindorfer, P. Panagos, A. Pancioli, J. Khoury, B. Kissela, D. Woo, A. Schneider, K. Alwell, E. Jauch, R. Miller, et al. Incidence and Short-Term Prognosis of Transient Ischemic Attack in a Population-Based Study Stroke, April 1, 2005; 36(4): 720 - 723. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. I. Chimowitz, M. J. Lynn, H. Howlett-Smith, B. J. Stern, V. S. Hertzberg, M. R. Frankel, S. R. Levine, S. Chaturvedi, S. E. Kasner, C. G. Benesch, et al. Comparison of Warfarin and Aspirin for Symptomatic Intracranial Arterial Stenosis N. Engl. J. Med., March 31, 2005; 352(13): 1305 - 1316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. M. Kissela, J. Khoury, D. Kleindorfer, D. Woo, A. Schneider, K. Alwell, R. Miller, I. Ewing, C. J. Moomaw, J. P. Szaflarski, et al. Epidemiology of Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Diabetes: The Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study Diabetes Care, February 1, 2005; 28(2): 355 - 359. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. Stansbury, H. Jia, L. S. Williams, W. B. Vogel, and P. W. Duncan Ethnic Disparities in Stroke: Epidemiology, Acute Care, and Postacute Outcomes Stroke, February 1, 2005; 36(2): 374 - 386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. J. Fullerton, R. J. Adams, S. Zhao, and S. C. Johnston Declining stroke rates in Californian children with sickle cell disease Blood, July 15, 2004; 104(2): 336 - 339. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. T. Schneider, B. Kissela, D. Woo, D. Kleindorfer, K. Alwell, R. Miller, J. Szaflarski, J. Gebel, J. Khoury, R. Shukla, et al. Ischemic Stroke Subtypes: A Population-Based Study of Incidence Rates Among Blacks and Whites Stroke, July 1, 2004; 35(7): 1552 - 1556. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. J. Fullerton, J. S. Elkins, and S. C. Johnston Pediatric Stroke Belt: Geographic Variation in Stroke Mortality in US Children Stroke, July 1, 2004; 35(7): 1570 - 1573. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. F. McGruder, A. M. Malarcher, T. L. Antoine, K. J. Greenlund, and J. B. Croft Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Stroke Survivors: United States 1999 to 2001 Stroke, July 1, 2004; 35(7): 1557 - 1561. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. O.C. Corbin, V. Poddar, A. Hennis, A. Gaskin, C. Rambarat, R. Wilks, C. D.A. Wolfe, and H. S. Fraser Incidence and Case Fatality Rates of First-Ever Stroke in a Black Caribbean Population: The Barbados Register of Strokes Stroke, June 1, 2004; 35(6): 1254 - 1258. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. Ivan, S. Seshadri, A. Beiser, R. Au, C. S. Kase, M. Kelly-Hayes, and P. A. Wolf Dementia After Stroke: The Framingham Study Stroke, June 1, 2004; 35(6): 1264 - 1268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Rundek, K. Nielsen, S. Phillips, K. C. Johnston, M. Hux, D. Watson, and for the GAIN Americas Investigators Health Care Resource Use After Acute Stroke in the Glycine Antagonist in Neuroprotection (GAIN) Americas Trial Stroke, June 1, 2004; 35(6): 1368 - 1374. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Kissela, A. Schneider, D. Kleindorfer, J. Khoury, R. Miller, K. Alwell, D. Woo, J. Szaflarski, J. Gebel, C. Moomaw, et al. Stroke in a Biracial Population: The Excess Burden of Stroke Among Blacks Stroke, February 1, 2004; 35(2): 426 - 431. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Kleindorfer, B. Kissela, A. Schneider, D. Woo, J. Khoury, R. Miller, K. Alwell, J. Gebel, J. Szaflarski, A. Pancioli, et al. Eligibility for Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Population-Based Study Stroke, February 1, 2004; 35 (2): e27 - e29. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|