From the Department of Neurology, University of Münster (Germany)
(E.B.R., D.W.D.); Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Mass
(V.L.B.); Division of Medical Physics, University of Leicester (UK) (D.H.E.);
Department of Neurology, Northern General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
(D.G.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck (Germany) (M.K.);
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, King's College School of Medicine
and Dentistry and Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK (H.S.M.); Department of
Neurology, University of Oslo (Norway) (D.R.); and Department of Neurology,
University of Düsseldorf (Germany) (M.S.).
Correspondence to E. Bernd Ringelstein, MD, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie der WWU Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Str 33, D-48129 Münster, Germany.
Abstract—Transcranial
Doppler ultrasound is capable of detecting
microembolic material, both gaseous and solid, within
the intracranial cerebral arteries. To avoid discrediting this
promising and exciting new technique, experts in this field met in
January 1997 in Frankfurt, Germany, to discuss the limitations and
problems of embolus detection and to determine guidelines for its
proper use in clinical practice, as well as in scientific
investigations. In particular, the authors suggest that studies report
the following parameters: (1) ultrasound device, (2)
transducer type and size, (3) insonated artery, (4) insonation depth,
(5) algorithms for signal intensity measurement, (6) scale settings,
(7) detection threshold, (8) axial extension of sample volume, (9) fast
Fourier transform (FFT) size (number of points used), (10) FFT length
(time), (11) FFT overlap, (12) transmitted ultrasound frequency, (13)
high-pass filter settings, and (14) recording time. There was
agreement that no current system of automatic embolus detection has the
required sensitivity and specificity for clinical use.
© 1998 American Heart Association, Inc.
Special Report
Consensus on Microembolus Detection by TCD
Key Words: embolism • ultrasonography, Doppler
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