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(Stroke. 2000;31:1721.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.

Original Contributions

Intracortical Hemorrhage Injury in Rats

Relationship Between Blood Fractions and Brain Cell Death

Mengzhou Xue, MD Marc R. Del Bigio, MD, PhD, FRCPC

From the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.

Correspondence to Marc R. Del Bigio, MD, PhD, FRCPC, Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, D212-770 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3 Canada. E-mail delbigi{at}cc.umanitoba.ca

Background and Purpose—Intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with stroke and head trauma. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of intracortical injections of autologous whole blood and blood components on inflammatory cell infiltration and brain cell death and to determine if nonhemorrhagic lesions differ in these respects.

Methods—Eighty-seven adult rats were subjected to intracortical injections of autologous whole blood or allogeneic plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, "activated" leukocytes, and serum. Injections of saline or mineral oil were controls. Blood injections were compared with cortical freeze injury and pial devascularization. Rats were perfusion-fixed 48 hours after injection or lesioning. Eosinophilic neurons, TUNEL-positive cells, brain damage area, infiltrating neutrophils, and CD8a-immunoreactive lymphocytes were quantified.

Results—Damage area, dying cells, and inflammatory infiltrate were significantly greater after autologous whole blood, leukocyte, and "activated" leukocyte injections than injection of other fractions.

Conclusions—These results suggest that extravasated whole blood causes a greater degree of cortical cell death and inflammation than ischemic lesions of similar size. Leukocytes "activated" by systemic illness might exacerbate the injury. Secondary hemorrhagic phenomena suggest that the harmful effect is directed toward both brain cells and the vasculature. Further studies are required to delineate the mechanism(s).

Editorial Comment

Relationship Between Blood Fractions and Brain Cell Death

J. Paul Muizelaar, MD, PhD, Guest Editor

Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California

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