(Stroke. 2000;31:1833.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Original Contributions |
Sex Differences and Similarities in the Management and Outcome of Stroke Patients
From the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (J.M.H.-L., M.K.K., P.C.A., J.V.T.), Toronto, Ontario; the Division of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology Unit and Health Care Research Program, Sunnybrook and Women’s College Health Science Centre (J.V.T.), Toronto, Ontario; and the Department of Medicine (J.M.H.-L., M.K.K., J.V.T.) and Public Health Sciences (P.C.A., J.V.T.) University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Background and Purpose—Previous studies have documented sex differences in the management and outcome of patients with cardiovascular disease. However, little data exist on whether similar sex differences exist in stroke patients. We conducted a study to determine whether sex differences exist in patients with acute stroke admitted to Ontario hospitals.
Methods—Using linked administrative databases, we performed a
population-based cohort study. The databases contained information on
all 44 832 patients discharged from acute-care hospitals in Ontario
between April 1993 and March 1996 with a most responsible diagnosis of
acute stroke. The main outcomes measured consisted of sex differences
in comorbidities, the use of rehabilitative services, the use of
antiplatelet therapy and anticoagulants (in elderly stroke
survivors aged 
65 years only), discharge destination, and
mortality.
Results—Male stroke patients were more likely than female stroke
patients to have a history of ischemic heart disease (18.1%
versus 15.3%, respectively; P<0.001) and diabetes
mellitus (20.1% versus 18.7%, respectively; P<0.001),
whereas female patients were more likely than male patients to have
hypertension (33.8% versus 30.0%, respectively;
P<0.001) and atrial fibrillation (12.9% versus 10.2%,
respectively; P<0.001). There were no sex differences
in the usage of in-hospital rehabilitative services. The overall 90-day
postdischarge use of aspirin and ticlopidine was similar in stroke
survivors aged 65 to 84 years. However, among stroke survivors aged
85 years, men were more likely than women to receive aspirin (36.0%
versus 30.7%, respectively; P<0.001) and ticlopidine
(9.2% versus 6.8%, respectively; P=0.007). Use of
warfarin was similar for the two sexes. Men were more likely than women
to be discharged home (50.6% versus 40.9%, respectively;
P<0.001) and less likely to be discharged to chronic
care facilities (16.8% versus 25.2%, respectively;
P<0.001). The risk of death 1 year after stroke was
somewhat lower in women than men (adjusted odds ratio 0.939, 95% CI
0.899 to 0.980; P=0.004). The mortality differences were
greatest among elderly stroke patients.
Conclusions—Elderly men are more likely than elderly women to receive aspirin and ticlopidine and equally like to receive warfarin after a stroke. Despite these differences, elderly women have a better 1-year survival after a stroke.
Key Words: anticoagulants • antiplatelet therapy • gender • stroke, acute
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