This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Aihara, Y. Articles by Faraci, F. M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Aihara, Y. Articles by Faraci, F. M. Pubmed/NCBI databases UniGene Substance via MeSH Related Collections Gene expression Growth factors/cytokines Cerebral Aneurysm, AVM, & Subarachnoid hemorrhage

(Stroke. 2001;32:212.)
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.

Original Contributions

Quantitative Analysis of Gene Expressions Related to Inflammation in Canine Spastic Artery After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Yasuo Aihara, MD; Hidetoshi Kasuya, MD; Hideaki Onda, MD; Tomokatsu Hori, MD Jun Takeda, MD

From the Department of Neurosurgery (Y.A., H.K., H.O., T.H.), Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan, and the Department of Cell Biology (Y.A., H.O., J.T.), Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.

Correspondence to Hidetoshi Kasuya, MD, Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Kawada-cho 8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan. E-mail hkasuya{at}nij.twmu.ac.jp

Background and Purpose—The possible role of inflammatory reaction of the cerebral artery in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm has been noted in recent studies. We quantitatively measured the levels of expression of genes related to inflammation in the spastic artery in a canine double-hemorrhage model.

Methods—Twenty dogs were assigned to 4 groups: group D0, control; group D2, dogs killed 2 days after cisternal injection of blood; group D7, dogs given double cisternal injections of blood and killed 7 days after the first injection; and group D14. Angiography was performed twice: on the first day and before the animals were killed. Total RNA was extracted from the basilar artery. The expressions of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-, E-secretin, fibronectin, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, transforming growth factor-ß, basic fibroblast growth factor, and collagen types I, III, and IV were examined with TaqMan real-time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction.

Results—Prolonged arterial narrowing peaking on 7 day was observed. There was a significant difference in vessel caliber between D0, D2, D7, and D14 groups (P<0.0001). There were significant differences in mRNA expression in the basilar artery for IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, ICAM-1, and collagen type I between D0, D2, D7, and D14 groups (P=0.0079, 0.0196, 0.0040, 0.0017, and <0.0001, respectively). The average level of mRNA was highest in D7 for IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and ICAM-1 (17-, 16-, 131-, and 1.7-fold compared with those of D0, respectively) and in D14 for collagen type I (10.9-fold).

Conclusions—Increased expression of genes related to inflammation in the spastic artery suggests that inflammatory reaction of the cerebral artery is associated with sustained contraction.

Editorial Comment

Frank M. Faraci, PhD, Guest Editor

Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa

This article has been cited by other articles:

				H.-C. Shih, C.-L. Lin, T.-Y. Lee, W.-S. Lee, and C. Hsu 17{beta}-Estradiol Inhibits Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression by Interfering With the Nuclear Factor {kappa}B Transactivation Stroke, December 1, 2006; 37(12): 3025 - 3031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C J M Frijns, R Fijnheer, A Algra, J A van Mourik, J van Gijn, and G J E Rinkel Early circulating levels of endothelial cell activation markers in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: associations with cerebral ischaemic events and outcome J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, January 1, 2006; 77(1): 77 - 83. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Sasaki, H. Kasuya, H. Onda, A. Sasahara, S. Goto, T. Hori, and I. Inoue Role of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase on Cerebral Vasospasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Stroke, June 1, 2004; 35(6): 1466 - 1470. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Yamada, K. Sato, M. Komachi, E. Malchinkhuu, M. Tobo, T. Kimura, A. Kuwabara, Y. Yanagita, T. Ikeya, Y. Tanahashi, et al. Lysophosphatidic Acid (LPA) in Malignant Ascites Stimulates Motility of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells through LPA1 J. Biol. Chem., February 20, 2004; 279(8): 6595 - 6605. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C.J.M. Frijns and L.J. Kappelle Inflammatory Cell Adhesion Molecules in Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease Stroke, August 1, 2002; 33(8): 2115 - 2122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Noel, J. E. Conway, and R. J. Tamargo Vascular Complications of Cocaine Use * Response Stroke, July 1, 2002; 33(7): 1747 - 1748. [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Satoh, A. D. Parent, and J. H. Zhang Inhibitory Effect With Antisense Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Oligodeoxynucleotide Against Cerebral Vasospasm in Rats Stroke, March 1, 2002; 33(3): 775 - 781. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]