(Stroke. 2001;32:1061.)
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.
Original Contributions |
Utilization of Intravenous Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator for Ischemic Stroke at Academic Medical Centers
The Influence of Ethnicity
From the Neurovascular Service, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (S.C.J., L.H.F., L.A.G., W.S.S., A.N.B.), and the Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (L.M.B., J.H.L.).
Correspondence to S. Claiborne Johnston, MD, MPH, Department of Neurology, Box 0114, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, M-798, San Francisco, CA 94143-0114. E-mail clayj{at}itsa.ucsf.edu
Background and Purpose—We sought to measure the overall rate of usage of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) for ischemic stroke at academic medical centers, and to determine whether ethnicity was associated with usage.
Methods—Between June and December 1999, 42 academic medical centers in the United States each identified 30 consecutive ischemic stroke cases. Medical records were reviewed and information on demographics, medical history, and treatment were abstracted. Rates of tPA use were compared for African Americans and whites in univariate analysis and after adjustment for age, gender, stroke severity, and type of medical insurance with multivariable logistic regression.
Results—Complete information was available for 1195 ischemic stroke patients; 788 were whites and 285 were African Americans. Overall, 49 patients (4.1%) received tPA. In the subgroup of 189 patients without a documented contraindication to therapy, 39 (20.6%) received tPA. Ten (20%) of those receiving tPA had documented contraindication.African Americans were one fifth as likely to receive tPA as whites (1.1% African Americans versus 5.3%; P=0.001), and the difference persisted after adjustment (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.68; P=0.01). When comparison was restricted to those without a documented contraindication to tPA, the difference remained significant (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.93; P=0.04).Medical insurance type was independently associated with tPA treatment. After adjustment for ethnicity and other demographic characteristics, those with Medicaid or no insurance were one ninth as likely to receive tPA as those with private medical insurance (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.17; P=0.003).
Conclusions—tPA is used infrequently for ischemic stroke at US academic medical centers, even among qualifying candidates. African Americans are significantly less likely to receive tPA for ischemic stroke. Contraindications to treatment do not appear to account for the difference.
Editorial Comment
It Is Time to Implement Stroke Practice Improvement Programs and Prevent the Racial Disparity in Stroke Care
Director, OSF Stroke Network, Clinical Assistant Professor, Neurology & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Chair, ASA Peoria Tri-County Operation Stroke, Peoria, Illinois, dwangp@uic.edu
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