This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 36/3/583    most recent 01.STR.0000141936.36596.1ev1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Naidech, A. M. Articles by Fitzsimmons, B.-F. M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Naidech, A. M. Articles by Fitzsimmons, B.-F. M. Related Collections Other Treatment Cerebral Aneurysm, AVM, & Subarachnoid hemorrhage

(Stroke. 2005;36:583.)
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.

Original Contributions

Phenytoin Exposure Is Associated With Functional and Cognitive Disability After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Andrew M. Naidech, MD, MSPH; Kurt T. Kreiter, PhD; Nazli Janjua, MD; Noeleen Ostapkovich, MS; Augusto Parra, MD, MPH; Christopher Commichau, MD; E. Sander Connolly, MD; Stephan A. Mayer, MD Brian-Fred M. Fitzsimmons, MD

From the Departments of Neurology and Critical Care (A.M.N.), Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill; and the Department of Critical Care and Vascular Neurology (K.T.K., N.J., N.O., A.P., C.C., S.A.M., B.-F.M.F.) and Department of Neurosurgery (E.S.C.), Columbia University, New York, NY.

Correspondence to Dr Andrew M. Naidech, 710 N Lake Shore Dr, 14th floor, Chicago, IL 60614. E-mail a-naidech{at}northwestern.edu

Background and Purpose— Phenytoin (PHT) is routinely used for seizure prophylaxis after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but may adversely affect neurologic and cognitive recovery.

Methods— We studied 527 SAH patients and calculated a "PHT burden" for each by multiplying the average serum level of PHT by the time in days between the first and last measurements, up to a maximum of 14 days from ictus. Functional outcome at 14 days and 3 months was measured with the modified Rankin scale, with poor functional outcome defined as dependence or worse (modified Rankin Scale 4). We assessed cognitive outcomes at 14 days and 3 months with the telephone interview for cognitive status.

Results— PHT burden was associated with poor functional outcome at 14 days (OR, 1.5 per quartile; 95% CI, 1.3 to 1.8; P<0.001), although not at 3 months (P=0.09); the effect remained (OR, 1.6 per quartile; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.1; P<0.001) after correction for admission Glasgow Coma Scale, fever, stroke, age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 10, hydrocephalus, clinical vasospasm, and aneurysm rebleeding. Seizure in hospital (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.5 to 11.1; P=0.002) was associated with functional disability in a univariate model only. Higher quartiles of PHT burden were associated with worse telephone interview for cognitive status scores at hospital discharge (P<0.001) and at 3 months (P=0.003).

Conclusions— Among patients treated with PHT, burden of exposure to PHT predicts poor neurologic and cognitive outcome after SAH.

Key Words: critical care • phenytoin • subarachnoid hemorrhage

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J. B. Bederson, E. S. Connolly Jr, H. H. Batjer, R. G. Dacey, J. E. Dion, M. N. Diringer, J. E. Duldner Jr, R. E. Harbaugh, A. B. Patel, and R. H. Rosenwasser Guidelines for the Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From a Special Writing Group of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association Stroke, March 1, 2009; 40(3): 994 - 1025. [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. J. Redekop Prognostic Factors and Targets for Intervention After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Stroke, August 1, 2007; 38(8): 2217 - 2218. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. I. Suarez Timing of Neuropsychological Outcome Measures in Patients With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Stroke, June 1, 2007; 38(6): 1724 - 1725. [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Ryvlin, A. Montavont, and N. Nighoghossian Optimizing therapy of seizures in stroke patients Neurology, December 26, 2006; 67(12_suppl_4): S3 - S9. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				A M Naidech, J Drescher, P Tamul, A Shaibani, H H Batjer, and M J Alberts Acute physiological derangement is associated with early radiographic cerebral infarction after subarachnoid haemorrhage J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, December 1, 2006; 77(12): 1340 - 1344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. K.C. Wong, W. S. Poon, and A. M. Naidech Use of Phenytoin and Other Anticonvulsant Prophylaxis in Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage * Response: Stroke, December 1, 2005; 36(12): 2532 - 2532. [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Koch, B. E. Gidal, and A. M. Naidech Phenytoin and Cognitive Decline * Response: Stroke, October 1, 2005; 36(10): 2070 - 2071. [Full Text] [PDF]