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(Stroke. 2006;37:3035.)
© 2006 American Heart Association, Inc.

Special Report

Immunomodulation Strategies for Preventing Vascular Disease of the Brain and Heart

Workshop Summary

John Hallenbeck, MD; Gregory del Zoppo, MD; Tom Jacobs, PhD; Antoine Hakim, MD, PhD; Stephen Goldman, PhD; Ursula Utz, PhD; Ahmed Hasan, MD, PhD for the Immunomodulation Workshop Participants

From the Stroke Branch (J.H.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine (G.d.Z.), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, Calif; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (T.J., U.U.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; Canadian Stroke Network (A. Hakim), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (S.G., A. Hasan), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.

Correspondence to John M. Hallenbeck, Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Dr, MSC 4476, Bethesda, MD 20892-4476. E-mail hallenbj{at}ninds.nih.gov

This workshop examined the opportunities for translational research directed at immune and inflammatory mechanisms. This summary presents the background data in 3 general areas: (1) inflammation and hemostasis in cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease, (2) immune interactions in the central nervous system and heart, and (3) translation of immune modulation in the brain and heart, all of which supported a consensus derivation of the opportunities for future research in these areas. The summary concludes with 11 recommendations.

Key Words: acute stroke • cerebrovascular disease • immunology • inflammation • ischemia • stroke

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