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(Stroke. 2006;37:1497.)
© 2006 American Heart Association, Inc.

Original Contributions

Prior Events Predict Cerebrovascular and Coronary Outcomes in the PROGRESS Trial

Hisatomi Arima, MD; Christophe Tzourio, MD; Ken Butcher, MD; Craig Anderson, MD; Marie-Germaine Bousser, MD; Kennedy R. Lees, MD; John L. Reid, DM; Teruo Omae, MD; Mark Woodward, PhD; Stephen MacMahon, PhD; John Chalmers, MD for the PROGRESS Collaborative Group

From The George Institute for International Health, University of Sydney, Australia (H.A., K.B., C.A., M.W., S.M., J.C.); INSERM U708, Paris, France (C.T.); the Department of Neurology, Hospital Lariboisière, Paris, France (M.-G.B.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK (K.R.L., J.L.R.); and the National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (T.O.).

Correspondence to Professor John Chalmers, PROGRESS Collaborative Group, c/o The George Institute for International Health, University of Sydney, PO Box M201, Missenden Road, NSW 2050, Australia. E-mail jchalmers{at}thegeorgeinstitute.org

Background and Purpose— The relationship between baseline and recurrent vascular events may be important in the targeting of secondary prevention strategies. We examined the relationship between initial event and various types of further vascular outcomes and associated effects of blood pressure (BP)–lowering.

Methods— Subsidiary analyses of the Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study (PROGRESS) trial, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial that established the benefits of BP–lowering in 6105 patients (mean age 64 years, 30% female) with cerebrovascular disease, randomly assigned to either active treatment (perindopril for all, plus indapamide in those with neither an indication for, nor a contraindication to, a diuretic) or placebo(s).

Results— Stroke subtypes and coronary events were associated with 1.5- to 6.6-fold greater risk of recurrence of the same event (hazard ratios, 1.51 to 6.64; P=0.1 for large artery infarction, P<0.0001 for other events). However, 46% to 92% of further vascular outcomes were not of the same type. Active treatment produced comparable reductions in the risk of vascular outcomes among patients with a broad range of vascular events at entry (relative risk reduction, 25%; P<0.0001 for ischemic stroke; 42%, P=0.0006 for hemorrhagic stroke; 17%, P=0.3 for coronary events; P homogeneity=0.4).

Conclusions— Patients with previous vascular events are at high risk of recurrences of the same event. However, because they are also at risk of other vascular outcomes, a broad range of secondary prevention strategies is necessary for their treatment. BP–lowering is likely to be one of the most effective and generalizable strategies across a variety of major vascular events including stroke and myocardial infarction.

Key Words: antihypertensive agents • myocardial infarction • randomized controlled trials • recurrence • stroke

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