This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 38/11/3076    most recent STROKEAHA.107.484238v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Townend, E. Articles by McLaughlan, K. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Townend, E. Articles by McLaughlan, K. Related Collections Behavioral/psychosocial - stroke Other diagnostic testing Behavioral Changes and Stroke

(Stroke. 2007;38:3076.)
© 2007 American Heart Association, Inc.

Progress Reviews

A Systematic Evaluation of the Adaptation of Depression Diagnostic Methods for Stroke Survivors Who Have Aphasia

Ellen Townend, PhD; Marian Brady, PhD Kirsty McLaughlan, BSc

From the NMAHP Research Unit (E.T., M.B.), Buchannan House, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK; and the NHS Grampian (K.N.), Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Spynie Hospital, Morayshire, UK.

Correspondence to Ellen Townend, PhD, Department of Clinical Psychology, Astley Ainsley Hospital, 133 Grange Loan, Edinburgh, UK EH9 2HL. E-mail ellen.townend{at}lpct.scot.nhs.uk

Background and Purpose— One in 3 stroke survivors has aphasia (impaired language comprehension and expressive abilities). Conventionally, depression diagnosis uses language-based methods. We aimed to systematically review methods that have been used to diagnose depression and adaptations to these methods intended for people with aphasia.

Methods— We systematically reviewed stroke studies (to January 2006) that included a depression diagnosis and individuals with aphasia. We extracted data related to depression diagnostic methods used for individuals with/without aphasia. We sought clarification from authors when required.

Results— A total of 60 studies included people with aphasia. Almost half the studies (29/60; 48%) adapted their main depression diagnostic method (most typically a clinical interview and published criteria) for individuals with aphasia. Adaptive methods included: using informants (relatives or staff), clinical observation, modifying questions and visual analogue scales. Evidence of the validity or reliability of these adaptations was rarely reported. However, use of informants or clinical observation did achieve the inclusion of most people with aphasia in the diagnosis of depression. Remaining studies, that did not report adaptive methods, suggested that conventional language-based methods are suitable for individuals with only ‘mild’ aphasia.

Conclusions— People with aphasia can be and have been included in depression diagnostic assessments. However, we suggest that depression and language experts collaborate to develop a more valid method of depression diagnosis for patients with aphasia that has good reliability.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				A. Berg, J. Lonnqvist, H. Palomaki, and M. Kaste Assessment of Depression After Stroke: A Comparison of Different Screening Instruments Stroke, February 1, 2009; 40(2): 523 - 529. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]