This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 38/5/1570    most recent STROKEAHA.106.476507v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Spencer, S. J. Articles by Pittman, Q. J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Spencer, S. J. Articles by Pittman, Q. J. Pubmed/NCBI databases Substance via MeSH Related Collections Other heart failure Animal models of human disease Ischemic biology - basic studies Acute Cerebral Infarction Behavioral Changes and Stroke

(Stroke. 2007;38:1570.)
© 2007 American Heart Association, Inc.

Original Contributions

Peripheral Inflammation Exacerbates Damage After Global Ischemia Independently of Temperature and Acute Brain Inflammation

Sarah J. Spencer, PhD; Abdeslam Mouihate, PhD Quentin J. Pittman, PhD

From Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Correspondence to Dr S. J. Spencer, Health Sciences Centre, 3330 Hospital Dr. N.W. Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1. E-mail spences{at}ucalgary.ca

Background and Purpose— Concomitant infection can exacerbate damage caused by cerebral ischemia. However, the interaction between and relative importance of the febrile and inflammatory components of the immune response is still unknown.

Methods— Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a 2-vessel occlusion with hypotension, immediately followed by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide or pyrogen-free saline.

Results— Inflammation immediately after 2-vessel occlusion exacerbated hippocampal cell loss at 3 days and enhanced anxiety-related behaviors in the elevated plus maze and open field. These effects were not associated with differences in body temperature changes or with hippocampal pro-inflammatory cytokine production or hippocampal microglial activation.

Conclusion— We show a previously undocumented dissociation between lipopolysaccharide-exacerbated damage after global ischemia in the rat and the temperature and acute brain immune response, indicating that the mechanism for enhanced lipopolysaccharide damage is hippocampal cytokine and temperature independent in this case.

Key Words: activated microglia • anxiety • cytokines • lipopolysaccharide • two-vessel occlusion

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. A. Galic, S. J. Spencer, A. Mouihate, and Q. J. Pittman Postnatal programming of the innate immune response Integr. Comp. Biol., September 1, 2009; 49(3): 237 - 245. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Karelina, G. J. Norman, N. Zhang, J. S. Morris, H. Peng, and A. C. DeVries Social isolation alters neuroinflammatory response to stroke PNAS, April 7, 2009; 106(14): 5895 - 5900. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. W. McColl, N. J. Rothwell, and S. M. Allan Systemic Inflammation Alters the Kinetics of Cerebrovascular Tight Junction Disruption after Experimental Stroke in Mice J. Neurosci., September 17, 2008; 28(38): 9451 - 9462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Galic, K. Riazi, J. G. Heida, A. Mouihate, N. M. Fournier, S. J. Spencer, L. E. Kalynchuk, G. C. Teskey, and Q. J. Pittman Postnatal Inflammation Increases Seizure Susceptibility in Adult Rats J. Neurosci., July 2, 2008; 28(27): 6904 - 6913. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. J. Spencer, M. A. Galic, M. Tsutsui, Q. J. Pittman, and A. Mouihate Effects of Global Cerebral Ischemia in the Pregnant Rat Stroke, March 1, 2008; 39(3): 975 - 982. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. J. Spencer, A. Mouihate, M. A. Galic, and Q. J. Pittman Central and peripheral neuroimmune responses: hyporesponsiveness during pregnancy J. Physiol., January 15, 2008; 586(2): 399 - 406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]