This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 39/2/421    most recent STROKEAHA.107.495788v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Hashimoto, M. Articles by Nowak, T. S. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Hashimoto, M. Articles by Nowak, T. S., Jr Pubmed/NCBI databases Medline Plus Health Information Transient Ischemic Attack Related Collections Animal models of human disease Acute Cerebral Infarction

(Stroke. 2008;39:421.)
© 2008 American Heart Association, Inc.

Original Contributions

Temporal Thresholds for Infarction and Hypothermic Protection in Long-Evans Rats

Factors Affecting Apparent ‘Reperfusion Injury’ After Transient Focal Ischemia

Megumi Hashimoto, MD, PhD; Liang Zhao, MD, PhD Thaddeus S. Nowak, Jr, PhD

From the Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tenn.

Correspondence to Thaddeus S. Nowak Jr, Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee, 855 Monroe Ave, Link 415, Memphis, TN 38163. E-mail tnowak{at}utmem.edu

Background and Purpose— Some previous studies in Long-Evans rats noted larger infarcts after transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusions than after permanent occlusions, interpreted to demonstrate "reperfusion injury." Recent experiments failed to reproduce this phenomenon, prompting an investigation of the sources of variability in this animal model.

Methods— Male Long-Evans rats were subjected to surgical occlusion of the right MCA and ipsilateral common carotid artery. Variables tested included duration of occlusion and halothane anesthesia exposure and targeting of proximal or distal MCA occlusion sites. The temporal window for hypothermic protection was also investigated.

Results— MCA occlusions at the level of the rhinal fissure produced graded increases in infarct volume with ischemia duration, and lesion size did not differ between 3-hour and permanent occlusions independent of anesthesia duration. Occlusions at a more distal site produced infarcts of comparable size after transient 3-hour occlusions and after permanent occlusions accompanied by prolonged anesthesia, but significantly smaller infarcts were seen when permanent occlusions were followed by rapid anesthesia termination. Hypothermia conferred protection only when initiated before reperfusion after transient proximal occlusions.

Conclusions— These results indicate that previously described "reperfusion injury" after transient MCA occlusions conversely reflects unexpected injury reduction when rats with permanent occlusions experience early anesthesia termination. More rapid blood pressure recovery under such conditions permits improved collateral perfusion. The absence of a detectable postischemic window for hypothermic protection further argues against a significant component of delayed postreperfusion injury in this model.

Key Words: brain • focal ischemia • reperfusion injury • Long-Evans rat strain