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(Stroke. 1997;28:1507-1517.)
© 1997 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Risk Factors
Key Words: AHA Medical/Scientific Statements • stroke • prevention • risk factors
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Public Health Burden of Stroke |
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The distribution of the burden of stroke morbidity and mortality is heterogeneous in the US population and is changing dramatically with time. Stroke mortality remains the third leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for 1 in every 15 deaths during 1992.1 Despite this burden, US stroke mortality rates are among the lowest in the world.2 The estimated US stroke mortality rate for women was 36.7 per 100 000; for men it was 46.6 per 100 000. There has been a striking 60% decline in US stroke mortality between 1960 and 1990.1 Despite this decline, nearly 150 000 Americans died of a stroke during 1995, which corresponds to 1 death every 3.5 minutes.1
The burden of stroke is heterogeneous and is greater among the elderly, men, and African-Americans. In the southeastern United States, stroke risk is approximately 1.4 times that of other regions.1 2 3 4
Unlike stroke mortality estimates derived from vital statistics data,
incidence estimates have been made indirectly or by extending estimates
in small communities to the entire nation. Only a few communities in
the United States have systematically collected incidence
data.5 6 In Olmsted County (Rochester, Minn), stroke
incidence rates declined from 205 per 100 000 in the period 1955 to
1959 to 128 per 100 000 from 1975 to 1979.5 However, from
1980 to 1984, incidence increased to 153 per 100 000 and has remained
relatively constant (145 per 100 000) from 1985 to 1989. That stroke
incidence has not substantially declined since the mid 1980s is
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B. R. Davis, T. Vogt, P. H. Frost, A. Burlando, J. Cohen, A. Wilson, L. M. Brass, W. Frishman, T. Price, and J. Stamler Risk Factors for Stroke and Type of Stroke in Persons With Isolated Systolic Hypertension Stroke, July 1, 1998; 29(7): 1333 - 1340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. H. Lichtman, H. M. Krumholz, Y. Wang, M. J. Radford, and L. M. Brass Risk and Predictors of Stroke After Myocardial Infarction Among the Elderly: Results From the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project Circulation, March 5, 2002; 105(9): 1082 - 1087. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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