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(Stroke. 2007;38:1.)
© 2007 American Heart Association, Inc.

Editorials

Are Mood Disorders a Stroke Risk Factor?

Francisco Javier Carod-Artal, MD, PhD

From the Department of Neurology, The Sarah Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Sarah Hospital, Brasilia DF, Brazil.

Correspondence to Prof Francisco Javier Carod-Artal, MD, PhD, Neurology Department, The Sarah Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Sarah Hospital, SMHS quadra 501 conjunto A, CEP 7330-150, Brasilia DF, Brazil. E-mail javier@sarah.br or fjavier4644@terra.com.br

See related article, pages 16–21

Key Words: depression • epidemiology • risk factors • stroke

An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract.

A growing body of evidence suggests that biological mechanisms underlie a bidirectional link between depression and many neurological illnesses, and that mood disorders can affect the course of the diseases.¹ Depression commonly occurs after a stroke, with an estimated prevalence as high as 30% in the first year after the event.² It is well known that poststroke depression affects quality of life, functional recovery, cognitive function and health care use in stroke survivors.³ Inversely, does any association exist between a history of a previous affective disorder and future risk of cardiovascular events? Recent prospective studies have shown an association between depression and incidence of hypertension,^4,5 coronary heart disease,^6,7 and cardiovascular mortality.^8–11

In the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial, 12 866 men were followed for 18 years; those with greater depressive symptoms, as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), were associated with a significant higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio=1.21; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.41; P<0.05) and stroke mortality (hazard ratio= 2.03; 95% CI, 1.20 to 3.44; P<0.01).¹² The NHANES I Epidemiologic Study¹³ showed that individuals reporting 5 or more symptoms of depression at baseline were 50% more likely to die of a stroke-related cause during a 29-year follow-up.

The Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study showed that individuals with a history of depressive disorder, measured with the diagnostic interview schedule, were 2.6 times more likely to report stroke.¹⁴ Depressive symptoms, measured by the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale, were also associated with an increased incidence . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Related Article:

Depressive Symptoms and Risk of Stroke: The Framingham Study

Kimberly J. Salaycik, Margaret Kelly-Hayes, Alexa Beiser, Anh-Hoa Nguyen, Stephen M. Brady, Carlos S. Kase, and Philip A. Wolf
Stroke 2007 38: 16-21. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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