on August 28, 2003
Published online before print August 28, 2003, doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000088644.60368.ED
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Submitted on May 20, 2003
From the Buck Institute for Age Research, Novato, Calif (Y.Z., Y.S., L.X., K.J., D.A.G.), and Department of Pharmacology and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison (N.S.). * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dgreenberg{at}buckinstitute.org.
Background and Purpose--Endoglin (CD105) is a membrane glycoprotein that is mutated in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Rendu-Weber disease) and shows increased expression in proliferating endothelial cells during angiogenesis. Methods--We investigated the effect of hypoxia on endoglin expression in murine cerebral microvascular endothelial (bEND.3) cells in vitro and the possible involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Results--Hypoxia increased endoglin mRNA and protein expression in bEND.3 cells, which was associated with phosphoactivation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), p38 MAPK, and Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK). Inhibitors of p38 decreased hypoxic induction of endoglin expression, as did dominant negative MAPK kinase 3 (MKK3), which activates p38. In contrast, constitutively active MKK3 or JNK1 potentiated the hypoxic induction of endoglin. Conclusions--These results indicate that hypoxia induces the expression of endoglin at both the mRNA and protein levels and that induction is regulated by the p38 and perhaps also JNK pathways.
Accepted on June 3, 2003
Hypoxic Induction of Endoglin via Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Mouse Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells
Yonghua Zhu MD;
Key words: angiogenesis • brain • endoglin • endothelium • hypoxia • mitogen-activated protein kinases • protein kinases
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