Published Online
on June 3, 2004

A more recent version of this article appeared on July 1, 2004

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Submitted on March 5, 2004
Accepted on March 22, 2004

Pediatric Stroke Belt. Geographic Variation in Stroke Mortality in US Children

Heather J. Fullerton MD; Jacob S. Elkins MD; and S. Claiborne Johnston MD, PhD^*

From the Departments of Neurology (H.J.F., J.S.E., S.C.J.), Pediatrics (H.J.F.), and Epidemiology (S.C.J.), University of California, San Francisco, Calif.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: clay.johnston{at}ucsfmedctr.org.

Background and Purpose--Numerous studies have demonstrated higher stroke mortality rates in adults residing in the Southeastern United States (the "Stroke Belt"). If the Stroke Belt is solely caused by regional differences in atherosclerotic stroke risk factors, it should not apply to children.

Methods--For the years 1979 to 1998, we determined rates of death from stroke in children <20 years of age based on death certificates, and compared age-adjusted stroke mortality rates in 11 Stroke Belt states versus other US states. For comparison, the same methods were applied to adults.

Results--Children in Stroke Belt states have an increased risk of death from stroke compared with children in other states (relative risk [RR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.29). The greater risk in Stroke Belt states was apparent for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, for all age groups and both sexes, and persisted after adjustment for ethnicity. The geographic disparity in children was similar in magnitude to that in adults.

Conclusions--Similar to adults, children in Stroke Belt states have a higher risk of death from stroke than children in other US states. Stroke risk factors that are applicable to both children and adults should be considered in attempts to explain this geographic variation.

Key words: child • mortality • stroke • Southeastern United States

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