Published Online
on October 6, 2005

A more recent version of this article appeared on November 1, 2005

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Submitted on June 30, 2005
Accepted on July 18, 2005

Poor Outcomes in Patients Who Do Not Receive Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator Because of Mild or Improving Ischemic Stroke

Eric E. Smith MD, FRCPC^*; Abdul R. Abdullah MD; Iva Petkovska MD; Eric Rosenthal MD; Walter J. Koroshetz MD; and Lee H. Schwamm MD

From the Department of Neurology (E.E.S., A.R.A., W.J.K., L.H.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Radiological Sciences (I.P.), UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif; and the Department of Internal Medicine (E.R.), Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: eesmith{at}partners.org.

Background and Purpose--Some patients with mild or improving ischemic stroke symptoms do not receive intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) because they look "too good to treat" (TGT); however, some have poor outcomes.

Methods--We retrospectively analyzed data from a prospective single-center study between 2002 and 2004. TGT patients were those arriving within 3 hours of symptom onset and not treated with intravenous tPA solely because of mild or improving symptoms.

Results--Of 128 patients presenting within 3 hours, 41 (34%) were not given tPA because of mild or improving stroke. Of the TGT patients, 11 of 41 (27%) died or were not discharged home because of neurological worsening (n=6) or persistent "mild" neurological deficit (n=5). No single variable at presentation was associated with death or lack of home discharge. There were 10 of 41 TGT patients (24%) who had 4-point improvement in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score before tPA decision; these patients were more likely to have subsequent neurological worsening (relative risk, 4.1, 95% CI, 1.1 to 15.4; P=0.05).

Conclusion--A substantial minority of patients deemed too good for intravenous tPA were unable to be discharged home. A re-evaluation of the stroke severity criteria for tPA eligibility may be indicated.

Key words: angiography • computed tomography • outcome • stroke, acute • tissue plasminogen activator

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