on December 22, 2005
Published online before print December 22, 2005, doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000199032.78782.6c
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Submitted on July 29, 2005
From the Departments of Neurology (G.M.M, O.S.S.) and Surgery (W.A.B., M.A.G.), The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine; and The Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute (G.M.M., L.M.B.), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: guy.mckhann{at}jhu.edu.
Background and Purpose--As a result of advances in surgical, anesthetic, and medical management, cardiac surgery can now be performed on older, sicker patients, some of whom have had prior cardiac interventions. As surgical mortality has declined in recent years, attention has focused on the complications of stroke and encephalopathy after cardiac surgery. Summary of Review--Patients with preexisting cerebrovascular disease are at increased risk for these untoward neurological outcomes, which are associated with longer lengths of hospital stay, higher costs, and greater mortality. The mechanisms underlying these neurological events may include microemboli and hypoperfusion during surgery, and postoperative atrial fibrillation. Predictive models, based on information available before surgery, allow identification of these "high risk" patients. Conclusion--Establishing the degree of functionally significant vascular disease of the brain before surgery should be an essential part of the preoperative evaluation, particularly when modifications in surgical technique or novel neuroprotective agents are being evaluated.
Revised on October 12, 2005
Accepted on October 13, 2005
Stroke and Encephalopathy After Cardiac Surgery. An Update
Guy M. McKhann MD*;
Key words: brain injuries • cardiovascular surgical procedures • cerebrovascular accident • coronary artery bypass • outcome assessment
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Stroke 2006 37: 284-285.
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