Published Online
on June 8, 2006

A more recent version of this article appeared on July 1, 2006

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Submitted on January 10, 2006
Revised on February 28, 2006
Accepted on March 27, 2006

Efficacy and Safety of Endovascular Cooling After Cardiac Arrest. Cohort Study and Bayesian Approach

Michael Holzer MD; Marcus Müllner MD, MSc; Fritz Sterz MD^*; Oliver Robak MD; Andreas Kliegel MD; Heidrun Losert MD; Gottfried Sodeck MD; Thomas Uray MD; Andrea Zeiner MD; and Anton N. Laggner MD

From the Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Austria.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: fritz.sterz{at}meduniwien.ac.at.

Background and Purpose--Recently 2 randomized trials in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest documented that therapeutic hypothermia improved neurological recovery. The narrow inclusion criteria resulted in an international recommendation to cool only a restricted group of primary cardiac arrest survivors. In this retrospective cohort study we investigated the efficacy and safety of endovascular cooling in unselected survivors of cardiac arrest.

Methods--Consecutive comatose survivors of cardiac arrest, who were either cooled for 24 hours to 33°C with endovascular cooling or treated with standard postresuscitation therapy, were analyzed. Complication data were obtained by retrospective chart review.

Results--Patients in the endovascular cooling group had 2-fold increased odds of survival (67/97 patients versus 466/941 patients; odds ratio 2.28, 95% CI, 1.45 to 3.57; P<0.001). After adjustment for baseline imbalances the odds ratio was 1.96 (95% CI, 1.19 to 3.23; P=0.008). When discounting the observational data in a Bayesian analysis by using a sceptical prior the posterior odds ratio was 1.61 (95% credible interval, 1.06 to 2.44). In the endovascular cooling group, 51/97 patients (53%) survived with favorable neurology as compared with 320/941 (34%) in the control group (odds ratio 2.15, 95% CI, 1.38 to 3.35; P=0.0003; adjusted odds ratio 2.56, 1.57 to 4.17). There was no difference in the rate of complications except for bradycardia.

Conclusion--Endovascular cooling improved survival and short-term neurological recovery compared with standard treatment in comatose adult survivors of cardiac arrest. Temperature control was effective and safe with this device.

Key words: brain • cardiopulmonary resuscitation • heart arrest • hypoxia

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