Stroke, Vol 16, 562-572, Copyright © 1985 by American Heart Association
NF Kassell, T Sasaki, AR Colohan and G Nazar
Cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is one of
the most important causes of cerebral ischemia, and is the leading cause of
death and disability after aneurysm rupture. There are two definitions of
cerebral vasospasm: angiographic and clinical. Care must be exercised to be
certain that it is clear which entity is being addressed. The diagnosis of
the clinical syndrome is one of exclusion and can rarely be made with
absolute certainty. The pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm is poorly
understood. Most current theories focus on the release of factors from the
subarachnoid clot. More attention must be given to the role of endothelial
damage and alterations in the blood- arterial wall barrier. The application
of modern techniques for studying vascular smooth muscle which have been
developed as a result of research in the areas of hypertension and
atherosclerosis must be applied to the problem of cerebral vasospasm. A
stress test to select patients with angiographic arterial narrowing who
have adequate cerebral vascular reserve to undergo surgery should be
developed. The optimal treatment of vasospasm awaits development of agents
for blocking or inactivating spasmogenic substances or blocking arterial
smooth muscle contraction. Rheological or hemodynamic manipulations to
prevent or reverse ischemic consequences of vasospasm are relatively
effective, but complicated and hazardous, and should be viewed principally
as interim measures awaiting development of more specific therapies for the
arterial narrowing.
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Cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
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