(Stroke. 1995;26:386-391.)
© 1995 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Arterial Wall Thickness Is Associated With Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease in Middle-Aged Adults
The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
From the Departments of Public Health Sciences (G.L.B., G.W.E., G.H.) and Neurology (G.L.B., W.A.R., G.H., R.W.B.), Bowman Gray School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina (W.R., G.H.), Chapel Hill; ARIC Ultrasound Reading Center, Winston-Salem, NC (W.A.R., R.W.B.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Md (A.R.S.); Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.S.C.); and the ECG Reading Center University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.M.R.).
Background and Purpose This study was done to assess the relationship between prevalent cardiovascular disease and arterial wall thickness in middle-aged US adults.
Methods The association of preexisting coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease with carotid and popliteal intimal-medial thickness (IMT) (measured by B-mode ultrasound) was assessed in 13 870 black and white men and women, aged 45 to 64, during the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study baseline examination (1987 through 1989). Prevalent disease was determined according to both participant self-report and measurements at the baseline examination (including electrocardiogram, fasting blood glucose, and medication use).
Results Across four race and gender strata, mean carotid far wall IMT was consistently greater in participants with prevalent clinical cardiovascular disease than in disease-free subjects. Similarly, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease was consistently greater in participants with progressively thicker IMT. The greatest differences in carotid IMT associated with prevalent disease were observed for reported symptomatic peripheral vascular disease (0.09 to 0.22 mm greater IMT in the four race-gender groups).
Conclusions These data document the substantially greater arterial wall thickness observed in middle-aged adults with prevalent cardiovascular disease. Both carotid and popliteal arterial IMT were related to clinically manifest cardiovascular disease affecting distant vascular beds, such as the cerebral, peripheral, and coronary artery vascular beds.
Key Words: atherosclerosis • cardiovascular diseases • epidemiology • ultrasonics
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M. Juonala, J. S.A. Viikari, M. Kahonen, L. Taittonen, T. Ronnemaa, T. Laitinen, N. Maki-Torkko, V. Mikkila, L. Rasanen, H. K. Akerblom, et al. Geographic Origin as a Determinant of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Brachial Artery Flow-Mediated Dilation: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2005; 25(2): 392 - 398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 P R J Ames, A Margarita, K B Sokoll, M Weston, and V Brancaccio Premature atherosclerosis in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: preliminary data Ann Rheum Dis, February 1, 2005; 64(2): 315 - 317. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. D. Beishuizen, M. A. van de Ree, J. W. Jukema, J. T. Tamsma, J. C. M. van der Vijver, A. E. Meinders, H. Putter, and M. V. Huisman Two-Year Statin Therapy Does Not Alter the Progression of Intima-Media Thickness in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Without Manifest Cardiovascular Disease Diabetes Care, December 1, 2004; 27(12): 2887 - 2892. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. H. Stein, P. S. Douglas, S. R. Srinivasan, M. G. Bond, R. Tang, S. Li, W. Chen, and G. S. Berenson Distribution and Cross-Sectional Age-Related Increases of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Young Adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study Stroke, December 1, 2004; 35(12): 2782 - 2787. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Juonala, J. S.A. Viikari, T. Laitinen, J. Marniemi, H. Helenius, T. Ronnemaa, and O. T. Raitakari Interrelations Between Brachial Endothelial Function and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Young Adults: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study Circulation, November 2, 2004; 110(18): 2918 - 2923. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M.L. Eigenbrodt, Z. Bursac, E.P. Eigenbrodt, D.J. Couper, R.E. Tracy, and J.L. Mehta Mathematical estimation of the potential effect of vascular remodelling/dilatation on B-mode ultrasound intima-medial thickness QJM, November 1, 2004; 97(11): 729 - 737. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. R. Seals and F. A. Dinenno Collateral damage: cardiovascular consequences of chronic sympathetic activation with human aging Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2004; 287(5): H1895 - H1905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Jerrard-Dunne, M. Sitzer, P. Risley, A. Buehler, S. von Kegler, and H. S. Markus Inflammatory Gene Load Is Associated With Enhanced Inflammation and Early Carotid Atherosclerosis in Smokers Stroke, November 1, 2004; 35(11): 2438 - 2444. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Elosua, J. M. Ordovas, L. A. Cupples, C. S. Fox, J. F. Polak, P. A. Wolf, R. A. D'Agostino Sr., and C. J. O'Donnell Association of APOE genotype with carotid atherosclerosis in men and women: the Framingham Heart Study J. Lipid Res., October 1, 2004; 45(10): 1868 - 1875. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. T. Magyar, G. Paragh, E. Katona, A. Valikovics, I. Seres, L. Csiba, and D. Bereczki Serum Cholesterols Have a More Important Role Than Triglycerides in Determining Intima-Media Thickness of the Common Carotid Artery in Subjects Younger Than 55 Years of Age J. Ultrasound Med., September 1, 2004; 23(9): 1161 - 1169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. M. Hutter, M. A. Austin, and S. E. Humphries Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Peripheral Arterial Disease, and Stroke: A HuGE Minireview Am. J. Epidemiol., September 1, 2004; 160(5): 430 - 435. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J Ellul, P Talelli, G Terzis, A Chrysanthopoulou, G Gioldasis, and T Papapetropoulos Is the common carotid artery intima-media thickness associated with functional outcome after acute ischaemic stroke? J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, August 1, 2004; 75(8): 1197 - 1199. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, F. Nappo, R. Marfella, and for the Campanian Postprandial Hyperglycemia Study Regression of Carotid Atherosclerosis by Control of Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Circulation, July 13, 2004; 110(2): 214 - 219. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. F Viles-Gonzalez, V. Fuster, and J. J Badimon Atherothrombosis: A widespread disease with unpredictable and life-threatening consequences Eur. Heart J., July 2, 2004; 25(14): 1197 - 1207. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. B. J. Mancini, B. Dahlof, and J. Diez Surrogate Markers for Cardiovascular Disease: Structural Markers Circulation, June 29, 2004; 109(25_suppl_1): IV-22 - IV-30. [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Monzani, N. Caraccio, M. Kozakowa, A. Dardano, F. Vittone, A. Virdis, S. Taddei, C. Palombo, and E. Ferrannini Effect of Levothyroxine Replacement on Lipid Profile and Intima-Media Thickness in Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Double-Blind, Placebo- Controlled Study J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2004; 89(5): 2099 - 2106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Volzke, D. M. Robinson, U. Schminke, J. Ludemann, R. Rettig, S. B. Felix, C. Kessler, U. John, and W. Meng Thyroid Function and Carotid Wall Thickness J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2004; 89(5): 2145 - 2149. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Sramek, P. Bucciarelli, A.B. Federici, P.M. Mannucci, V. De Rosa, G. Castaman, M. Morfini, M.G. Mazzucconi, A. Rocino, M. Schiavoni, et al. Patients With Type 3 Severe von Willebrand Disease Are Not Protected Against Atherosclerosis: Results From a Multicenter Study in 47 Patients Circulation, February 17, 2004; 109(6): 740 - 744. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. K. Olijhoek, Y. van der Graaf, J.-D. Banga, A. Algra, T. J. Rabelink, F. L. J. Visseren, and for the SMART Study Group The Metabolic Syndrome is associated with advanced vascular damage in patients with coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease or abdominal aortic aneurysm Eur. Heart J., February 2, 2004; 25(4): 342 - 348. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. E Macioch, C D. Katsamakis, J. Robin, P. R Liebson, P. M Meyer, C. Geohas, J. S Raichlen, M. H Davidson, and S. B Feinstein Effect of contrast enhancement on measurement of carotid artery intimal medial thickness Vascular Medicine, February 1, 2004; 9(1): 7 - 12. [Abstract] [PDF]
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P. Poredos Intima-media thickness: indicator of cardiovascular risk and measure of the extent of atherosclerosis Vascular Medicine, February 1, 2004; 9(1): 46 - 54. [Abstract] [PDF]
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A. Scuteri, T. A. Manolio, E. K. Marino, A. M. Arnold, and E. G. Lakatta Prevalence of specific variant carotid geometric patterns and incidence of cardiovascular events in older persons: The cardiovascular health study (CHS E-131) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 21, 2004; 43(2): 187 - 193. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. Li, W. Chen, S. R. Srinivasan, M. G. Bond, R. Tang, E. M. Urbina, and G. S. Berenson Childhood Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Carotid Vascular Changes in Adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study JAMA, November 5, 2003; 290(17): 2271 - 2276. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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O. T. Raitakari, M. Juonala, M. Kahonen, L. Taittonen, T. Laitinen, N. Maki-Torkko, M. J. Jarvisalo, M. Uhari, E. Jokinen, T. Ronnemaa, et al. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Childhood and Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study JAMA, November 5, 2003; 290(17): 2277 - 2283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Karvonen, M. Paivansalo, Y. A. Kesaniemi, and S. Horkko Immunoglobulin M Type of Autoantibodies to Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Has an Inverse Relation to Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis Circulation, October 28, 2003; 108(17): 2107 - 2112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Hansa, K. Bhargava, M. Bansal, S. Tandon, and R. R Kasliwal Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Coronary Artery Disease: an Indian Perspective Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, September 1, 2003; 11(3): 217 - 221. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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T. J. Wang, B.-H. Nam, R. B. D'Agostino, P. A. Wolf, D. M. Lloyd-Jones, C. A. MacRae, P. W. Wilson, J. F. Polak, and C. J. O'Donnell Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Is Associated With Premature Parental Coronary Heart Disease: The Framingham Heart Study Circulation, August 5, 2003; 108(5): 572 - 576. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Ramakrishna, T. W Rooke, and L. T Cooper Iron and peripheral arterial disease: revisiting the iron hypothesis in a different light Vascular Medicine, August 1, 2003; 8(3): 203 - 210. [Abstract] [PDF]
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