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(Stroke. 1996;27:49-55.)
© 1996 American Heart Association, Inc.

Articles

Cerebral Oximetry in Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy Under Regional Anesthesia

Presented at the 69th annual meeting of the International Anesthesia Research Society, Honolulu, Hawaii, March 10-14, 1995.

Satwant K. Samra, MD; Pema Dorje, MD; Gerald B. Zelenock, MD James C. Stanley, MD

From the Departments of Anesthesiology (S.K.S., P.D.) and Surgery (G.B.Z., J.C.S.), Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor.

Correspondence to Satwant K. Samra, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, 1G323 University Hospital, Box 0048, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109. E-mail satsam@umich.edu.

Background and Purpose Near-infrared spectroscopy is a technique that can potentially monitor changes in cerebral oxygenation. There are at present limited clinical data regarding the value of this technology in relating neurological outcome to cerebrovascular hemoglobin oxygen saturation (ScO₂). This investigation reports changes in ScO₂ due to carotid cross-clamping during carotid endarterectomy in awake patients.

Methods ScO₂ was monitored in 38 adult patients undergoing 41 carotid endarterectomies under regional anesthesia. Ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres were monitored simultaneously during 36 operations, with ipsilateral monitoring alone in the remaining 5 operations.

Results No significant difference was detected between ipsilateral and contralateral ScO₂ during preclamp or postclamp periods. Carotid cross-clamping caused a statistically significant (P<.01) decrease in the ipsilateral ScO₂, which decreased from 71.8±6.91% to 65.8±8.2%, while the contralateral ScO₂ remained stable at 70.5±7.5% and 70.3±7.9%. The change in ipsilateral ScO₂ ranged from +2.6% to -28.6% of the preclamp value. The difference between ipsilateral and contralateral ScO₂ during cross-clamping was statistically significant (P<.001). The duration of cross-clamping was 39±11 minutes (range, 18 to 89 minutes). The decrease in ipsilateral ScO₂ was highly variable from patient to patient and did not correlate with the duration of cross-clamping.

Conclusions These results suggest that carotid artery occlusion causes a statistically significant but variable decrease in ScO₂ in the majority of patients. Data in this investigation provide a range of ScO₂ values that was not associated with a clinically detectable neurological dysfunction.

Key Words: carotid endarterectomy • cerebral ischemia • hypoxia • spectroscopy, near-infrared

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