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(Stroke. 1996;27:1427-1434.)
© 1996 American Heart Association, Inc.

Articles

The Evolution of Surgery for the Treatment and Prevention of Stroke

The Willis Lecture

Jesse E. Thompson, MD

the Department of Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Tex.

Key Words: carotid endarterectomy • history • stroke prevention • surgery

	Introduction

 
Thomas Willis, the man for whom this lecture is named, was an Englishman and a leading neuroanatomist of the 17th century. Born in 1621, he attended Oxford University, graduating from Christ Church College in 1639. While still at Oxford, he became Sedleian Professor of Natural History in 1660. He did much experimental work with his associate Richard Lower. He performed injection experiments on cadavers and noted that if he injected the carotid artery on one side, the dye solution would come forth from the carotid on the opposite side.

In 1664 Willis published his monumental work Cerebri Anatome, the most complete and accurate account of the nervous system that had hitherto appeared. In it he contributed the term "neurology" to medicine, a word derived from the Greek, meaning "sinew," "tendon," or "bowstring." The word was translated and introduced into the English language in 1681 in Samuel Pordage's translation of Willis' work.

Cerebri Anatome contains a classification of the cerebral nerves, the first description of the eleventh nerve, and a description of the hexagonal network of arteries at the base of the brain that we know as the circle of Willis. Although others had described the circle before Willis, he was the first to grasp its physiological and pathological significance. He records the clinical histories of two patients in whom he suggests that the anatomic configuration of the arteries at the base of the brain could prevent apoplexy. The book was illustrated by Christopher Wren, an associate of Willis at . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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