This Article Full Text Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Bokura, H. Articles by Robinson, R. G. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Bokura, H. Articles by Robinson, R. G.

(Stroke. 1997;28:970-975.)
© 1997 American Heart Association, Inc.

Articles

Long-term Cognitive Impairment Associated With Caudate Stroke

Hirokazu Bokura, MD; Robert G. Robinson, MD

From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine (Iowa City) (H.B., R.G.R.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane Medical University, Japan (H.B.).

Correspondence to Robert G. Robinson, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive #2887 JPP, Iowa City, IA 52242-1057.

Background and Purpose Neuropsychiatric findings were examined in 91 patients with acute focal subcortical lesions to determine whether cognitive outcome would differ depending on whether the head of the caudate or other subcortical structures were injured.

Methods Patients were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and modified Present State Examination. Patients were reexamined at short-term (3 to 6 months) or long-term (1 to 2 years) follow-up.

Results There were no significant intergroup differences in the MMSE scores at the initial evaluation or at short-term follow-up. At long-term follow-up, however, patients with either right or left caudate lesions had significantly lower MMSE scores than patients with other subcortical lesions.

Conclusions A significant number of patients with caudate infarction deteriorate in their intellectual function between 1 and 2 years after stroke. This phenomenon could be mediated through disruption of cortical projections to the caudate.

Key Words: cognition • dementia • depression • stroke outcome

This article has been cited by other articles:

				A. M. McMurtray, D. L. Sultzer, L. Monserratt, T. Yeo, and M. F. Mendez Content-Specific Delusions From Right Caudate Lacunar Stroke: Association with Prefrontal Hypometabolism J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, February 1, 2008; 20(1): 62 - 67. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Narushima, K.-L. Chan, J. T. Kosier, and R. G. Robinson Does Cognitive Recovery After Treatment of Poststroke Depression Last? A 2-Year Follow-Up of Cognitive Function Associated With Poststroke Depression Am J Psychiatry, June 1, 2003; 160(6): 1157 - 1162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R.P.C. Kessels, M.J.E. van Zandvoort, E.H.F. de Haan, L.J. Kappelle, E. Kumral, D. Evyapan, and K. Balkir Memory Dysfunction and Caudate Stroke • Response Stroke, August 1, 1999; 30(8): 1734 - 1735. [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Kumral, D. Evyapan, and K. Balkir Acute Caudate Vascular Lesions Stroke, January 1, 1999; 30(1): 100 - 108. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Okada, S. Kobayashi, S. Yamagata, K. Takahashi, and S. Yamaguchi Poststroke Apathy and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Stroke, December 1, 1997; 28(12): 2437 - 2441. [Abstract] [Full Text]