(Stroke. 1998;29:2656-2664.)
© 1998 American Heart Association, Inc.
Presidential Symposium Address |
Cerebrovascular Disease in African Americans
Presented at the 23rd International Joint Conference on Stroke and Cerebral Circulation, February 5–7, 1998, Orlando, Fla.
From the Center for Stroke Research, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical Center, Chicago, Ill.
Correspondence to Philip B. Gorelick, MD, Center for Stroke Research, 1645 W Jackson, Suite 400, Chicago, IL 60612.
Key Words: stroke • blacks • cerebrovascular diseases
It was an honor to be selected as the first lecturer for the American Heart Association (AHA) Presidential Symposium in conjunction with the 23rd International Joint Conference on Stroke and Cerebral Circulation. I wish to thank Dr Martha Hill, the AHA President, for the invitation to participate. Dr Hill has had a longstanding interest in cardiovascular health issues in the African American community. I also wish to thank Drs Edward Cooper and Jacqueline Washington, who served as panel discussants for the symposium. Since 1981, I have been carrying out epidemiological studies of stroke in African Americans. The studies have included both observational ones and clinical trials. At the present time, we are completing a secondary stroke prevention trial: the African American Antiplatelet Stroke Prevention Study (AAASPS). I now provide an overview of cerebrovascular disease in African Americans. I begin my discussion with a brief review of the constructs race and ethnicity.
Race and Ethnicity
Williams has critically examined the scientific consensus on the
conceptualization of race.1 The United States government
recognizes four racial groups—white, black, Asian or Pacific Islander,
and American Indian or Alaskan Native—and one ethnic category,
Hispanic. The distinction between race and ethnicity may be obscured,
however, as some Hispanics may prefer to refer to themselves as a
racial category.1 In the social science literature, the
early definitions of race used the term to capture "physical" or
"biological" characteristics that differentiated human populations.
The term was then extended to encompass biological and social
interaction. More recent definitions of race have discredited
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