(Stroke. 2000;31:2319.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Original Contributions |
Association Between Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis and Mechanical Forces in Carotid Artery
From the Second Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Geriatric Medicine (K.K.), Ehime University School of Medicine (Japan).
Correspondence to Katsuhiko Kohara, MD, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shigenobu-cho, Onsen-gun, Ehime 791-0295, Japan. E-mail koharak{at}m.ehime-u.ac.jp
Background and Purpose—Mechanical stresses on the arterial wall participate in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis as local factors. The relationships between local mechanical forces and risk factors for atherosclerosis were investigated.
Methods—Mechanical forces on the arterial wall were evaluated in the carotid artery in 117 patients with risk factors for atherosclerosis including hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and smoking, as well as in 20 age- and sex-matched normal controls. Circumferential wall tension and shear stress were evaluated with Laplace’s law and a poiseuillean parabolic model of velocity distribution. Circumferential wall strain was also evaluated as carotid mechanical force.
Results—Mechanical forces in subjects with risk factors were characterized by low wall shear stress, high circumferential wall tension, and reduced strain. Systolic blood pressure was significantly negatively associated with shear stress and circumferential wall strain. HDL cholesterol showed a significant positive correlation with shear stress and a negative correlation with wall tension. Fasting blood glucose was significantly associated with shear stress, while smoking showed a negative correlation with shear stress and a positive correlation with wall tension. Accumulation of risk factors was associated with further deterioration of mechanical forces. Furthermore, stepwise regression analysis showed that the number of risk factors was significantly associated with mechanical forces independently of carotid intima-media thickness.
Conclusions—These findings suggest that risk factors for atherosclerosis were associated with alteration of mechanical forces. Consequent alteration in mechanical forces could be an underlying local mechanism for the progression of atherosclerosis.
Key Words: atherosclerosis • carotid arteries • risk factors • stress, mechanical
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  K. M. Rice, D. H. Desai, D. L. Preston, P. S. Wehner, and E. R. Blough Vascular: Uniaxial stretch-induced regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, Akt and p70 S6 kinase in the ageing Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rat aorta Exp Physiol, September 1, 2007; 92(5): 963 - 970. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. K. Myint, S. Sinha, N. J. Wareham, S. A. Bingham, R. N. Luben, A. A. Welch, and K.-T. Khaw Glycated Hemoglobin and Risk of Stroke in People Without Known Diabetes in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk Prospective Population Study: A Threshold Relationship? Stroke, February 1, 2007; 38(2): 271 - 275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Tuka, M. Slavikova, J. Svobodova, and J. Malik Diabetes and distal access location are associated with higher wall shear rate in feeding artery of PTFE grafts Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., October 1, 2006; 21(10): 2821 - 2824. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. A. Lemarie, P.-L. Tharaux, B. Esposito, A. Tedgui, and S. Lehoux Transforming Growth Factor-{alpha} Mediates Nuclear Factor {kappa}B Activation in Strained Arteries Circ. Res., August 18, 2006; 99(4): 434 - 441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Guo, X. Lu, H. Ren, E. R. Levin, and G. S. Kassab Estrogen modulates the mechanical homeostasis of mouse arterial vessels through nitric oxide Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2006; 290(5): H1788 - H1797. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Iwasaki, T. Yoshimoto, T. Sugiyama, and Y. Hirata Activation of Cell Adhesion Kinase {beta} by Mechanical Stretch in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Endocrinology, June 1, 2003; 144(6): 2304 - 2310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. R. Gross, J. F. LaDisa Jr., D. Weihrauch, L. E. Olson, T. T. Kress, D. A. Hettrick, P. S. Pagel, D. C. Warltier, and J. R. Kersten Reactive oxygen species modulate coronary wall shear stress and endothelial function during hyperglycemia Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2003; 284(5): H1552 - H1559. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. Fox, J. F. Polak, I. Chazaro, A. Cupples, P. A. Wolf, R. A. D'Agostino, and C. J. O'Donnell Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Atherosclerosis Phenotypes in Men and Women: Heritability of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in the Framingham Heart Study Stroke, February 1, 2003; 34(2): 397 - 401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Kohara, Y. Tabara, Y. Yamamoto, M. Igase, and T. Miki Chlamydia pneumoniae Seropositivity Is Associated With Increased Plasma Levels of Soluble Cellular Adhesion Molecules in Community-Dwelling Subjects: The Shimanami Health Promoting Program (J-SHIPP) Study Stroke, June 1, 2002; 33(6): 1474 - 1479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. S. T. LEUNG and T. DOUGLAS BRADLEY Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., December 15, 2001; 164(12): 2147 - 2165. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Scuteri, C.-H. Chen, F. C.P. Yin, T. Chih-Tai, H. A. Spurgeon, and E. G. Lakatta Functional Correlates of Central Arterial Geometric Phenotypes Hypertension, December 1, 2001; 38(6): 1471 - 1475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|