| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Stroke. 2001;32:438.)
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.
Original Contributions |
Risk Factors for Severe Hemorrhagic Transformation in Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated With Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator
A Secondary Analysis of the European-Australasian Acute Stroke Study (ECASS II)
From the Department of Neurology (V.L.), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; the Department of Neuroradiology (R.v.K.), University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Boehringer Ingelheim (A.M., E.B.), Ingelheim, Germany.
Correspondence to Prof Vincent Larrue, Department of Neurology, Hôpital de Rangueil, 31403, Toulouse, France. E-mail larrue.v{at}chu-toulouse.fr
Background and Purpose—Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) improves the outcome for ischemic stroke patients who can be treated within 3 hours of symptom onset. The efficacy of thrombolysis has been demonstrated despite an increased risk of severe hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in patients treated with rtPA. We performed an analysis of risk factors for severe HT in the second European-Australasian Acute Stroke Study (ECASS II).
Methods—HTs were classified by using clinical and radiological criteria as follows: hemorrhagic infarction (HI), parenchymal hemorrhage (PH), and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH). Potential risk factors for HT were tested by stepwise logistic regression analysis, including rtPA-by-variable interactions. In addition, the distribution of bad outcome (modified Rankin score 5 to 6) at day 90 was stratified according to each category of HT.
Results—PH and SICH but not HI were associated with rtPA. Also, PH and SICH but not HI were more severe in rtPA-treated patients than in those receiving placebo. Risk factors for PH were rtPA, extent of parenchymal hypoattenuation on baseline CT, congestive heart failure, increasing age, and baseline systolic blood pressure. The risk of PH on rtPA was increased in older patients and in those who were treated with aspirin before thrombolysis. Risk factors for SICH were rtPA, congestive heart failure, extent of parenchymal hypoattenuation, and increasing age. The risk of SICH on rtPA was increased in patients who were treated with aspirin before thrombolysis.
Conclusions—This secondary analysis of ECASS II has confirmed the importance of the extent of hypoattenuation as a risk factor for severe HT. The findings also suggest that older patients and those who have used aspirin before stroke are at higher risk of a severe HT on rtPA.
Key Words: intracerebral hemorrhage • risk factors • stroke, acute • thrombolytic therapy
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  G. Tsivgoulis, J. L. Frey, M. Flaster, V. K. Sharma, A. Y. Lao, S. L. Hoover, W. Liu, E. Stamboulis, A. W. Alexandrov, M. D. Malkoff, et al. Pre-Tissue Plasminogen Activator Blood Pressure Levels and Risk of Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke, November 1, 2009; 40(11): 3631 - 3634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. K. Natarajan, K. V. Snyder, A. H. Siddiqui, C. C. Ionita, L. N. Hopkins, and E. I. Levy Safety and Effectiveness of Endovascular Therapy After 8 Hours of Acute Ischemic Stroke Onset and Wake-Up Strokes Stroke, October 1, 2009; 40(10): 3269 - 3274. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Cucchiara, S. E. Kasner, D. Tanne, S. R. Levine, A. Demchuk, S. R. Messe, L. Sansing, K. R. Lees, P. Lyden, and for the SAINT Investigators Factors Associated With Intracerebral Hemorrhage After Thrombolytic Therapy for Ischemic Stroke: Pooled Analysis of Placebo Data From the Stroke-Acute Ischemic NXY Treatment (SAINT) I and SAINT II Trials Stroke, September 1, 2009; 40(9): 3067 - 3072. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. C. Singer, W. Kurre, M. C. Humpich, M. W. Lorenz, A. Kastrup, D. S. Liebeskind, G. Thomalla, J. Fiehler, J. Berkefeld, T. Neumann-Haefelin, et al. Risk Assessment of Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage After Thrombolysis Using DWI-ASPECTS Stroke, August 1, 2009; 40(8): 2743 - 2748. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J. Kim, S.-H. Lee, W.-S. Ryu, B. S. Kang, C. K. Kim, and B.-W. Yoon Low Level of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Increases Hemorrhagic Transformation in Large Artery Atherothrombosis but Not in Cardioembolism Stroke, May 1, 2009; 40(5): 1627 - 1632. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. I. Aviv, C. D. d'Esterre, B. D. Murphy, J. J. Hopyan, B. Buck, G. Mallia, V. Li, L. Zhang, S. P. Symons, and T.-Y. Lee Hemorrhagic Transformation of Ischemic Stroke: Prediction with CT Perfusion Radiology, March 1, 2009; 250(3): 867 - 877. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Y. Bang, J. L. Saver, J. R. Alger, S. H. Shah, B. H. Buck, S. Starkman, B. Ovbiagele, D. S. Liebeskind, and for the UCLA MRI Permeability Investigators Patterns and Predictors of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Derangements in Acute Ischemic Stroke Stroke, February 1, 2009; 40(2): 454 - 461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. C. Henning, L. L. Latour, J. M. Hallenbeck, and S. Warach Reperfusion-Associated Hemorrhagic Transformation in SHR Rats: Evidence of Symptomatic Parenchymal Hematoma Stroke, December 1, 2008; 39(12): 3405 - 3410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. W. Schaefer, E. R. Barak, S. Kamalian, L. R. Gharai, L. Schwamm, R. G. Gonzalez, and M. H. Lev Quantitative Assessment of Core/Penumbra Mismatch in Acute Stroke: CT and MR Perfusion Imaging Are Strongly Correlated When Sufficient Brain Volume Is Imaged Stroke, November 1, 2008; 39(11): 2986 - 2992. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Lou, A. Safdar, M. Mehdiratta, S. Kumar, G. Schlaug, L. Caplan, D. Searls, and M. Selim The HAT Score: A simple grading scale for predicting hemorrhage after thrombolysis Neurology, October 28, 2008; 71(18): 1417 - 1423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Saqqur, G. Tsivgoulis, C. A. Molina, A. M. Demchuk, M. Siddiqui, J. Alvarez-Sabin, K. Uchino, S. Calleja, A. V. Alexandrov, and For the CLOTBUST Investigators Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and recanalization after IV rt-PA: A multicenter study Neurology, October 21, 2008; 71(17): 1304 - 1312. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L Derex and N Nighoghossian Intracerebral haemorrhage after thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke: an update J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, October 1, 2008; 79(10): 1093 - 1099. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Yong and M. Kaste Dynamic of Hyperglycemia as a Predictor of Stroke Outcome in the ECASS-II Trial Stroke, October 1, 2008; 39(10): 2749 - 2755. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Martin-Schild, H. Hallevi, K. C. Albright, A. M. Khaja, A. D. Barreto, N. R. Gonzales, J. C. Grotta, and S. I. Savitz Aggressive Blood Pressure-Lowering Treatment Before Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Arch Neurol, September 1, 2008; 65(9): 1174 - 1178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Paciaroni, G. Agnelli, F. Corea, W. Ageno, A. Alberti, A. Lanari, V. Caso, S. Micheli, L. Bertolani, M. Venti, et al. Early Hemorrhagic Transformation of Brain Infarction: Rate, Predictive Factors, and Influence on Clinical Outcome: Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study Stroke, August 1, 2008; 39(8): 2249 - 2256. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kastrup, K. Groschel, T. M. Ringer, C. Redecker, R. Cordesmeyer, O. W. Witte, and C. Terborg Early Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier After Thrombolytic Therapy Predicts Hemorrhage in Patients With Acute Stroke Stroke, August 1, 2008; 39(8): 2385 - 2387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Moldes, T. Sobrino, M. Millan, M. Castellanos, N. Perez de la Ossa, R. Leira, J. Serena, J. Vivancos, A. Davalos, and J. Castillo High Serum Levels of Endothelin-1 Predict Severe Cerebral Edema in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated With t-PA Stroke, July 1, 2008; 39(7): 2006 - 2010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B R Thanvi, S Treadwell, and T Robinson Haemorrhagic transformation in acute ischaemic stroke following thrombolysis therapy: classification, pathogenesis and risk factors Postgrad. Med. J., July 1, 2008; 84(993): 361 - 367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. W. Albers, P. Amarenco, J. D. Easton, R. L. Sacco, and P. Teal Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy for Ischemic Stroke: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition) Chest, June 1, 2008; 133(6_suppl): 630S - 669S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Uyttenboogaart, M. W. Koch, K. Koopman, P. C. A. J. Vroomen, J. De Keyser, and G.-J. Luijckx Safety of Antiplatelet Therapy Prior to Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke Arch Neurol, May 1, 2008; 65(5): 607 - 611. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Yong and M. Kaste Association of Characteristics of Blood Pressure Profiles and Stroke Outcomes in the ECASS-II Trial Stroke, February 1, 2008; 39(2): 366 - 372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Foerch, M. T. Wunderlich, F. Dvorak, M. Humpich, T. Kahles, M. Goertler, J. Alvarez-Sabin, C. W. Wallesch, C. A. Molina, H. Steinmetz, et al. Elevated Serum S100B Levels Indicate a Higher Risk of Hemorrhagic Transformation After Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Stroke Stroke, September 1, 2007; 38(9): 2491 - 2495. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Lin, K.S. Kazmi, M. Law, J. Babb, N. Peccerelli, and B.K. Pramanik Measuring Elevated Microvascular Permeability and Predicting Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Using First-Pass Dynamic Perfusion CT Imaging AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., August 1, 2007; 28(7): 1292 - 1298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. G. Lansberg, V. N. Thijs, R. Bammer, S. Kemp, C. A.C. Wijman, M. P. Marks, G. W. Albers, and on behalf of the DEFUSE Investigators Risk Factors of Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage After tPA Therapy for Acute Stroke Stroke, August 1, 2007; 38(8): 2275 - 2278. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Dirks, L. W Niessen, P. J Koudstaal, C. L Franke, R. J van Oostenbrugge, D. W J Dippel, and the members of the Delphi panel on indications and Intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke: from trial exclusion criteria to clinical contraindications. An international Delphi study J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, July 1, 2007; 78(7): 685 - 689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Castellanos, T. Sobrino, M. Millan, M. Garcia, J. Arenillas, F. Nombela, D. Brea, N. Perez de la Ossa, J. Serena, J. Vivancos, et al. Serum Cellular Fibronectin and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 as Screening Biomarkers for the Prediction of Parenchymal Hematoma After Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Multicenter Confirmatory Study Stroke, June 1, 2007; 38(6): 1855 - 1859. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Y. Bang, J. L. Saver, D. S. Liebeskind, S. Starkman, P. Villablanca, N. Salamon, B. Buck, L. Ali, L. Restrepo, F. Vinuela, et al. Cholesterol level and symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation after ischemic stroke thrombolysis Neurology, March 6, 2007; 68(10): 737 - 742. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C Brekenfeld, L Remonda, K Nedeltchev, M Arnold, H P Mattle, U Fischer, L Kappeler, and G Schroth Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage after intra-arterial thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke: assessment of 294 patients treated with urokinase J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, March 1, 2007; 78(3): 280 - 285. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Thomalla, J. Sobesky, M. Kohrmann, J. B. Fiebach, J. Fiehler, O. Zaro Weber, A. Kruetzelmann, T. Kucinski, M. Rosenkranz, J. Rother, et al. Two Tales: Hemorrhagic Transformation but Not Parenchymal Hemorrhage After Thrombolysis Is Related to Severity and Duration of Ischemia: MRI Study of Acute Stroke Patients Treated With Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator Within 6 Hours Stroke, February 1, 2007; 38(2): 313 - 318. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Khatri, L. R. Wechsler, and J. P. Broderick Intracranial Hemorrhage Associated With Revascularization Therapies Stroke, February 1, 2007; 38(2): 431 - 440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Kim, G.A. Ford, C.S. Kidwell, S. Starkman, F. Vinuela, G.R. Duckwiler, R. Jahan, J.L. Saver, and for the UCLA Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis Investiga Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis for Acute Stroke in Patients 80 and Older: A Comparison of Results in Patients Younger than 80 Years AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., January 1, 2007; 28(1): 159 - 163. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Dzialowski, J. H. W. Pexman, P. A. Barber, A. M. Demchuk, A. M. Buchan, M. D. Hill, and on behalf of the CASES Investigators Asymptomatic Hemorrhage After Thrombolysis May Not Be Benign: Prognosis by Hemorrhage Type in the Canadian Alteplase for Stroke Effectiveness Study Registry Stroke, January 1, 2007; 38(1): 75 - 79. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Kent, H. P. Selker, R. Ruthazer, E. Bluhmki, and W. Hacke Can Multivariable Risk-Benefit Profiling Be Used to Select Treatment-Favorable Patients for Thrombolysis in Stroke in the 3- to 6-Hour Time Window? Stroke, December 1, 2006; 37(12): 2963 - 2969. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Gupta, H. Yonas, J. Gebel, S. Goldstein, M. Horowitz, S. Z. Grahovac, L. R. Wechsler, M. D. Hammer, K. Uchino, and T. G. Jovin Reduced Pretreatment Ipsilateral Middle Cerebral Artery Cerebral Blood Flow Is Predictive of Symptomatic Hemorrhage Post-Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis in Patients With Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Stroke, October 1, 2006; 37(10): 2526 - 2530. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Dzialowski, M. D. Hill, S. B. Coutts, A. M. Demchuk, D. M. Kent, O. Wunderlich, and R. von Kummer Extent of Early Ischemic Changes on Computed Tomography (CT) Before Thrombolysis: Prognostic Value of the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score in ECASS II Stroke, April 1, 2006; 37(4): 973 - 978. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Gupta, N. A. Vora, M. B. Horowitz, A. H. Tayal, M. D. Hammer, K. Uchino, E. I. Levy, L. R. Wechsler, and T. G. Jovin Multimodal Reperfusion Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: Factors Predicting Vessel Recanalization Stroke, April 1, 2006; 37(4): 986 - 990. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
The IMS Study Investigators Hemorrhage in the Interventional Management of Stroke Study Stroke, March 1, 2006; 37(3): 847 - 851. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Thomalla, C. Schwark, J. Sobesky, E. Bluhmki, J. B. Fiebach, J. Fiehler, O. Zaro Weber, T. Kucinski, E. Juettler, P. A. Ringleb, et al. Outcome and Symptomatic Bleeding Complications of Intravenous Thrombolysis Within 6 Hours in MRI-Selected Stroke Patients: Comparison of a German Multicenter Study With the Pooled Data of ATLANTIS, ECASS, and NINDS tPA Trials Stroke, March 1, 2006; 37(3): 852 - 858. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Trouillas and R. von Kummer Classification and Pathogenesis of Cerebral Hemorrhages After Thrombolysis in Ischemic Stroke Stroke, February 1, 2006; 37(2): 556 - 561. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Tanaka, T. Ueguchi, E. Shimosegawa, N. Sasaki, T. Johkoh, H. Nakamura, and J. Hatazawa Effect of CT Acquisition Parameters in the Detection of Subtle Hypoattenuation in Acute Cerebral Infarction: A Phantom Study AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., January 1, 2006; 27(1): 40 - 45. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Abou-Chebl, C. T. Bajzer, D. W. Krieger, A. J. Furlan, and J. S. Yadav Multimodal Therapy for the Treatment of Severe Ischemic Stroke Combining GPIIb/IIIa Antagonists and Angioplasty After Failure of Thrombolysis Stroke, October 1, 2005; 36(10): 2286 - 2288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. H. Schwamm, E. S. Rosenthal, C. J. Swap, J. Rosand, G. Rordorf, F. S. Buonanno, M. G. Vangel, W. J. Koroshetz, and M. H. Lev Hypoattenuation on CT Angiographic Source Images Predicts Risk of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Outcome after Intra-Arterial Reperfusion Therapy AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., August 1, 2005; 26(7): 1798 - 1803. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Y. Kim, D. G. Na, S. S. Kim, K. H. Lee, J. W. Ryoo, and H. K. Kim Prediction of Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Role of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Early Parenchymal Enhancement AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., May 1, 2005; 26(5): 1050 - 1055. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. C. Alsop, E. Makovetskaya, S. Kumar, M. Selim, and G. Schlaug Markedly Reduced Apparent Blood Volume on Bolus Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Predictor of Hemorrhage After Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke Stroke, April 1, 2005; 36(4): 746 - 750. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Lindsberg Editorial Comment--High Blood Pressure After Acute Cerebrovascular Occlusion: Risk or Risk Marker? Stroke, February 1, 2005; 36(2): 268 - 269. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L Derex, M Hermier, P Adeleine, J-B Pialat, M Wiart, Y Berthezene, F Philippeau, J Honnorat, J-C Froment, P Trouillas, et al. Clinical and imaging predictors of intracerebral haemorrhage in stroke patients treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, January 1, 2005; 76(1): 70 - 75. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Aiyagari, A. Gujjar, A. R. Zazulia, and M. N. Diringer Hourly Blood Pressure Monitoring After Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Ischemic Stroke: Does Everyone Need It? Stroke, October 1, 2004; 35(10): 2326 - 2330. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Trouillas, L. Derex, F. Philippeau, N. Nighoghossian, J. Honnorat, M. Hanss, P. Ffrench, P. Adeleine, and M. Dechavanne Early Fibrinogen Degradation Coagulopathy Is Predictive of Parenchymal Hematomas in Cerebral rt-PA Thrombolysis: A Study of 157 Cases Stroke, June 1, 2004; 35(6): 1323 - 1328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Montaner, I. Fernandez-Cadenas, C. A. Molina, J. Monasterio, J. F. Arenillas, M. Ribo, M. Quintana, P. Chacon, A. L. Andreu, and J. Alvarez-Sabin Safety Profile of Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment Among Stroke Patients Carrying a Common Polymorphism (C-1562T) in the Promoter Region of the Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Gene Stroke, December 1, 2003; 34(12): 2851 - 2855. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. G. Jovin, H. Yonas, J. M. Gebel, E. Kanal, Y. F. Chang, S. Z. Grahovac, S. Goldstein, and L. R. Wechsler The Cortical Ischemic Core and Not the Consistently Present Penumbra Is a Determinant of Clinical Outcome in Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Stroke, October 1, 2003; 34(10): 2426 - 2433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Lindsberg, L. Soinne, R. O. Roine, O. Salonen, T. Tatlisumak, M. Kallela, O. Happola, M. Tiainen, E. Haapaniemi, M. Kuisma, et al. Community-Based Thrombolytic Therapy of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Helsinki Stroke, June 1, 2003; 34(6): 1443 - 1449. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Wikholm Transarterial Embolectomy in Acute Stroke AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., May 1, 2003; 24(5): 892 - 894. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Alvarez-Sabin, C. A. Molina, J. Montaner, J. F. Arenillas, R. Huertas, M. Ribo, A. Codina, and M. Quintana Effects of Admission Hyperglycemia on Stroke Outcome in Reperfused Tissue Plasminogen Activator-Treated Patients Stroke, May 1, 2003; 34(5): 1235 - 1240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. D. Vo, F. Santiago, W. Lin, C. Y. Hsu, Y. Lee, and J.-M. Lee MR Imaging Enhancement Patterns as Predictors of Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Ischemic Stroke AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., April 1, 2003; 24(4): 674 - 679. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. E. Latchaw, H. Yonas, G. J. Hunter, W. T.C. Yuh, T. Ueda, A. G. Sorensen, J. L. Sunshine, J. Biller, L. Wechsler, R. Higashida, et al. Guidelines and Recommendations for Perfusion Imaging in Cerebral Ischemia: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals by the Writing Group on Perfusion Imaging, From the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology of the American Heart Association Stroke, April 1, 2003; 34(4): 1084 - 1104. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. von Kummer Early Major Ischemic Changes on Computed Tomography Should Preclude Use of Tissue Plasminogen Activator Stroke, March 1, 2003; 34(3): 820 - 821. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Montaner, C. A. Molina, J. Monasterio, S. Abilleira, J. F. Arenillas, M. Ribo, M. Quintana;, and J. Alvarez-Sabin Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Pretreatment Level Predicts Intracranial Hemorrhagic Complications After Thrombolysis in Human Stroke Circulation, February 4, 2003; 107(4): 598 - 603. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. Broderick and W. Hacke Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: Part I: Recanalization Strategies Circulation, September 17, 2002; 106(12): 1563 - 1569. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Bruno, S. R. Levine, M. R. Frankel, T. G. Brott, Y. Lin, B. C. Tilley, P. D. Lyden, J. P. Broderick, T. G. Kwiatkowski, and S. E. Fineberg Admission glucose level and clinical outcomes in the NINDS rt-PA Stroke Trial Neurology, September 10, 2002; 59(5): 669 - 674. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A.K. Gilligan, R. Markus, S. Read, V. Srikanth, T. Hirano, G. Fitt, M. Arends, B.R. Chambers, S.M. Davis, and G.A. Donnan Baseline Blood Pressure but Not Early Computed Tomography Changes Predicts Major Hemorrhage After Streptokinase in Acute Ischemic Stroke Stroke, September 1, 2002; 33(9): 2236 - 2242. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Selim, J. N. Fink, S. Kumar, L. R. Caplan, C. Horkan, Y. Chen, I. Linfante, and G. Schlaug Predictors of Hemorrhagic Transformation After Intravenous Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator: Prognostic Value of the Initial Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Diffusion-Weighted Lesion Volume Stroke, August 1, 2002; 33(8): 2047 - 2052. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Molina, J. Alvarez-Sabin, J. Montaner, S. Abilleira, J. F. Arenillas, P. Coscojuela, F. Romero, and A. Codina Thrombolysis-Related Hemorrhagic Infarction: A Marker of Early Reperfusion, Reduced Infarct Size, and Improved Outcome in Patients With Proximal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Stroke, June 1, 2002; 33(6): 1551 - 1556. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Tanne, S. E. Kasner, A. M. Demchuk, N. Koren-Morag, S. Hanson, M. Grond, S. R. Levine, and the Multicenter rt-PA Stroke Survey Group Markers of Increased Risk of Intracerebral Hemorrhage After Intravenous Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Clinical Practice: The Multicenter rt-PA Acute Stroke Survey Circulation, April 9, 2002; 105(14): 1679 - 1685. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Schwarz, D. Georgiadis, A. Aschoff, and S. Schwab Effects of Induced Hypertension on Intracranial Pressure and Flow Velocities of the Middle Cerebral Arteries in Patients With Large Hemispheric Stroke Stroke, April 1, 2002; 33(4): 998 - 1004. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Nighoghossian, M. Hermier, P. Adeleine, K. Blanc-Lasserre, L. Derex, J. Honnorat, F. Philippeau, J.F. Dugor, J.C. Froment, and P. Trouillas Old Microbleeds Are a Potential Risk Factor for Cerebral Bleeding After Ischemic Stroke: A Gradient-Echo T2*-Weighted Brain MRI Study Stroke, March 1, 2002; 33(3): 735 - 742. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Lapchak, D. M. Araujo, D. Song, and J. A. Zivin The Nonpeptide Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Platelet Receptor Antagonist SM-20302 Reduces Tissue Plasminogen Activator-Induced Intracerebral Hemorrhage After Thromboembolic Stroke Stroke, January 1, 2002; 33(1): 147 - 152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|