This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Ding, Y. Articles by Diaz, F. G. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Ding, Y. Articles by Diaz, F. G. Pubmed/NCBI databases Compound via MeSH Substance via MeSH Medline Plus Health Information Encephalitis Transient Ischemic Attack Hazardous Substances DB SODIUM CHLORIDE Related Collections Acute Cerebral Infarction Brain Circulation and Metabolism Other Stroke Treatment - Medical Other Stroke Treatment - Surgical

(Stroke. 2002;33:2492.)
© 2002 American Heart Association, Inc.

Original Contributions

Prereperfusion Saline Infusion Into Ischemic Territory Reduces Inflammatory Injury After Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats

Yuchuan Ding, MD, PhD; Jie Li, MD; Josè A. Rafols, PhD; John W. Phillis, BVSc, PhD Fernando G. Diaz, MD, PhD

From the Departments of Neurological Surgery (Y.D., J.L., F.G.D.), Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.A.R.), and Physiology (J.W.P.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Mich.

Correspondence to Yuchuan Ding, MD, PhD, Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Lande Medical Research Building, Room 48, 550 E Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201. E-mail yding{at}neurosurgery.wayne.edu

Background and Purpose— In ischemic stroke, the ischemic crisis activates a cascade of events that are potentiated by reperfusion, eventually leading to cell death. The chief aim in this study was to investigate whether our new experimental model for stroke therapy, flushing the ischemic territory with saline before reperfusion, could minimize this damage by (1) reducing the inflammatory reaction and (2) improving regional microcirculation.

Methods— Stroke in Sprague-Dawley rats (n=39) was induced by a 2-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion with the use of a novel intraluminal hollow filament. Before 48-hour reperfusion, 20 of the ischemic rats received 7 mL isotonic saline at 23°C or 37°C infused into the ischemic area through the filament. Regional cerebral blood flow in cortex supplied by the right middle cerebral artery was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry during ischemia and reperfusion. Leukocyte infiltration, microvascular plugging, and infarct volume were compared with the use of hematoxylin and eosin staining. Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) was determined by immunocytochemistry. Neurological deficits were evaluated.

Results— After the prereperfusion infusion of saline, significantly (P<0.001) improved cerebral blood flow (105±12% of baseline) was obtained up to 48 hours after reperfusion, compared with 45±7% at 24 hours and 25±3% at 48 hours after reperfusion without local saline infusion. Significant (P<0.001) reductions in leukocyte infiltration (61%), vascular plugging (45%), infarct volume (approximately 65%), and neurological deficits were also produced. ICAM-1 expression in the infarct region was significantly (P<0.05) minimized by 37%.

Conclusions— The reduced brain infarct and neurological deficits may be attributed to adequate reperfusion and ameliorated inflammation induced by local prereperfusion infusion.

Key Words: cerebral ischemia • infarcts • intercellular adhesion molecule-1 • leukocytes • microcirculation • reperfusion injury • vascular plugging

This article has been cited by other articles:

				W.E. Zink, C.P. Foley, J.P. Dyke, M.J. Synan, A.L. Chakrapani, D.J. Ballon, W.L. Olbricht, and Y.P. Gobin Novel Microcatheters for Selective Intra-Arterial Injection of Fluid in the Rat Brain AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., June 1, 2009; 30(6): 1190 - 1196. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Vemuganti, R. J. Dempsey, and K. K. Bowen Inhibition of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Protein Expression by Antisense Oligonucleotides Is Neuroprotective After Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rat Stroke, January 1, 2004; 35(1): 179 - 184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]