Published online before print July 1, 2004, doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000136389.88057.b4
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(Stroke. 2004;35:1789.)
© 2004 American Heart Association, Inc.
Letters to the Editor |
Neurobiology of Poststroke Depression
Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Case University, Cleveland, Ohio
An extract of the first 100% of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract. |
To the Editor:
Eriksson et al1 find that the substantial proportion of stroke patients reporting depressive mood but not using treatment with antidepressants suggests that patient selection for treatment should be more precise. This may be accomplished by monitoring speech hesitation pauses (SHPs), which are behavioral correlates of mood. Neurobiological features are demonstrated by (1) the correlation of rate and variability in duration of SHPs 4.79±2.48 per minute, 1.50±0.33 seconds (mean ±SD) with the left and right hemisphere, respectively; and (2) the association of the reduction of blood pressure with longer, less recurrent SHPs of about 2 seconds.
These responses are linked to the feeling of rhythmical and prefrontal cortex modulation of dopamine lateralized to the right hemisphere during the delayed alternation task. This hypothesis is supported by (1) optimum response organization and working memory at intermediate dopamine tone in a mediofrontalstriatal activation system, a study demonstrating that auditory training induces asymmetrical changes in cortical neural activity; (2) a report that pauses convey meaning beyond words; (3) the role of silence in expressing the inexpressible (Aldous Huxley); and (4) the much-quoted "Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard are sweeter" (John Keats).2–4
Therefore, the analysis of SHPs on a time-base may be included in the development of a comprehensive measure of poststroke depression, optimal poststroke assessment intervals, and determination of a representative population reference.5
1. Eriksson M, Asplund K, Glader E-L, Norrving B, Stegmayr B. Terent A, Asberg KH, Wester P-O; The Riks-Stroke Collaboration. Self-reported depression and use of antidepressants after stroke: a national survey. Stroke. 2004; 35: 936–941.
2. Friedman EH. Re: Interhemispheric asymmetries of motor cortex excitability in the postacute stroke stage (letter). Stroke. 2004; 35: e73.
3. Friedman EH. Music and neuroscience (letter). Update, New York Academy of Sciences Magazine. April/May 2004: 1.
4. Shriberg E, Bates R, Stolcke A, Taylor P, Jurafsky D, Ries K, Coccaro N, Martin R, Meteer M, van Ess-Dykema C. Can prosody aid the automatic classification of dialog acts in conversational speech? Lang Speech. 1998; 41: 443–492.
5. Bhogal SK, Teasell R, Foley N, Speechley M. Lesion location and poststroke depression. Systematic review of the methodological limitations in the literature. Stroke. 2004; 35: 794–802.