Published online before print September 22, 2005, doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000185685.20612.1c
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(Stroke. 2005;36:2293.)
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.
Special Report |
Certification in Vascular Neurology
A New Subspecialty in the United States
From the Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases (H.P.A.), Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Loyola University, Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Illinois; and American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (D.J., S.S.), Deerfield, Ill.
Correspondence to Harold P. Adams, Jr, MD, Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242. E-mail harold-adams{at}uiowa.edu
Key Words: neurology • specialty boards • stroke
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Introduction |
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 Top Introduction Test DevelopmentFirst ExaminationFuture ExaminationsAppendix |
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In 2003, the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) received approval from the American Board of Medical Specialties to issue subspecialty certificates in vascular neurology. Recognition was requested by the American Academy of Neurology. The new certificate acknowledges those ABPN-certified neurologists and child neurologists who have developed special expertise in the field of vascular neurology. The new subspecialty reflects the growth of cerebrovascular disease as an independent area of medical expertise and the related development of professional organizations such as the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association and the Stroke Section of the American Academy of Neurology. It also denotes the high level of scholarship in the area of vascular diseases of the central nervous system, as evidenced by the success of numerous journals such as Stroke, that focus on experimental, epidemiological, translational, and clinical research in this field.
Simultaneously, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) endorsed postgraduate (fellowship) training in vascular neurology, which will be discussed in a separate report in Stroke. After the 2009 examination, only those neurologists who have successfully completed an ACGME-accredited program in vascular neurology will be eligible to become certified in this subspecialty. In the interim, applications will be accepted from those ABPN-certified neurologists or child neurologists who have had training in a non-ACGME accredited stroke fellowship or who devote at least 25% of their practice time to the diagnosis and treatment of persons with stroke. Information about the requirements and the application process is found at the ABPN website (www.abpn.com). The new certificates are valid for a 10-year period, which means that to retain certification status, certified physicians will periodically have to complete an ABPN maintenance of certification process including taking another examination.
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Test Development |
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The ABPN appointed a 12-member committee to develop the content outline for the examination, to generate questions, to assemble the examination, and to set pass/fail standards. The members of the committee were selected to include a range of expertise in vascular neurology, and they participated in an independent certification process by writing essays. The examination for candidates consists of 200 multiple-choice questions that address the following topics: basic science aspects of vascular neurology, epidemiology, risk factors for stroke, prevention of stroke, clinical features of cerebrovascular disease, evaluation of patients, causes of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, treatment of patients with vascular diseases, and rehabilitation. The detailed content outline is posted on the ABPN website.
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First Examination |
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The first examination was administered May 9–13, 2005, at a nationwide network of computer test centers. The internal consistency of the examination was robust, with a reliability of 0.89. The committee-determined pass/fail standard for the examination was 68%. The candidates’ mean correct score was 82% (SD=7%). Of the 238 neurologists taking the examination, 225 (95%) passed. The names of those who passed will appear in the 2006 edition of the Official American Board of Medical Specialties Directory of Board Certified Medical Specialists. In addition, a listing of the neurologists who are certified in vascular neurology can be found online at http://stroke.ahajournals.org.
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Future Examinations |
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The next examination is scheduled for June 2006. The deadlines for application for that examination are posted at the ABPN website. It is anticipated that many more ABPN-certified neurologists and child neurologists who are actively involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cerebrovascular diseases will seek this recognition.
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Appendix |
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Diplomates of American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology in the Subspecialty of Vascular Neurology May 9, 2005—239 Diplomates
Nada G. Abou-Fayssal, MD, Hoboken, NJ
Aninda Bhat Acharya, MD, University City, MO
Harold P. Adams Jr. M.D. Iowa City, IA
Erfan A. Albakri, MD, Tampa, FL
Mark J. Alberts, MD, Chicago, IL
David Nelsen Alexander, MD, Santa Monica, CA
Muhammad Ali, MD, Jasper, AL
Muhammad Z. Al-Kawi, MD, Riyad, Saudi Arabia
Lonnie L. Amico, MD, Merrillville, IN
David Clifford Anderson, MD, Minneapolis, MN
Agnieszka Anna Ardelt, MD, PhD, Baltimore, MD
Carmel Armon, MD, Springfield, MA
Richard P. Atkinson, MD, Sacramento, CA
Viken Levon Babikian, MD, Boston, MA
Peter Bambakidis, MD, Rocky River, OH
Kyra J. Becker, MD, Seattle, WA
John Russell Belden, MD, Scarborough, ME
Rodney Donald Bell, MD, Philadelphia, PA
Oscar Ramon Benavente, MD, San Antonio, TX
Curtis George Benesch, MD, Rochester, NY
Richard Alan Bernstein, MD, PhD, Chicago, IL
Kerstin Bettermann, MD, PhD, Winston-Salem, NC
Perminder Jit Singh Bhatia, MD, Fresno, CA
José Biller, MD, Maywood, IL
James Alan Bobenhouse, MD, Lincoln, NE
Duncan Blair Borland, DO, Portland, OR
Lawrence Mitchell Brass, MD, Woodbridge, CT
Steven David Brass, MD, Boston, MA
Steven Usher Brint, MD, Chicago, IL
David Geoffrey Brock, MD, Philadelphia, PA
Joseph Paul Broderick, MD, Cincinnati, OH
Thomas G. Brott, MD, Jacksonville, FL
Kathleen Burger, DO, New York, NY
William Scott Burgin, MD, Rochester, NY
Cheryl Diane Bushnell, MD, MHS Durham, NC
Gordon Michael Cantor, MD, Elmhurst, NY
Louis Robert Caplan, MD, Chestnut Hill, MA
Richard Kok-Tiong Chan, MD, London, ON Canada
Jasvinder Pal Singh Chawla, MD, Downers Grove, IL
Connie Lynn Chen, MD, Plano, TX
Giridhar Chintalapudi, MD, Pinehurst, NC
John Youngjoon Choi, MD, Pearland, TX
Ji Young Chong, MD, New York, NY
Joni Marie Clark, MD, Springfield, IL
Wayne Marston Clark, MD, Portland, OR
Bruce M. Coull, MD, Tucson, AZ
Steven Craig Cramer, MD, Orange, CA
Salvador Cruz-Flores, MD, Saint Louis, MO
Rima Mahmoud Dafer, MD, Leawood, KS
Michael Ralph D’Ambrosio, DO, Media, PA
Ashok Devasenapathy, MD, Harrisburg, PA
Leonard Dimitri DaSilva, MD, Tallahassee, FL
David William Dodick, MD, Scottsdale, AZ
Mary Lynne Dombovy, MD, Rochester, NY
Neeraj Dubey, MD, Celebration, FL
Robert Scott Duff, MD, Springfield, MO
Eric Allan Ehrensperger, MD, LaSalle, QC Canada
Geoffrey Alan Eubank, MD, Columbus, OH
Edward Feldmann, MD, Providence, RI
Ana C. G. Felix, MD, Chapel Hill, NC
Damon M. Fellman, MD, Hackensack, NJ
Matthew E. Fink, MD, New York, NY
Gregory Glen Fischer, MD, La Crosse, WI
Mark Jay Fisher, MD, Orange, CA
Murray Samuel Flaster, MD, Phoenix, AZ
Alejandro Mario Forteza, MD, Miami, FL
Jeffrey Isidore Frank, MD, Chicago, IL
Jeffrey Friedlander, MD, Orlando, FL
Norman Mark Friedman, MD, Akron, OH
Anthony J. Furlan, MD, Cleveland, OH
Nancy Nielson Futrell, MD, Salt Lake City, UT
Kenneth James Gaines, MD, Franklin, TN
Gregory Thomas Gardziola, DO, Akron, OH
Tyson Robert Garrett, MD, Iowa City, IA
Andrew P. Gasecki, MD, Salt Lake City, UT
Madeleine Celeste Geraghty, MD, Spokane, WA
Gerard M. Gerling, MD, St Augustine, FL
Leo Germin, MD, Henderson, NV
Thomas Giancarlo, DO, Saint Clair Shores, MI
Larry Bruce Goldstein, MD, Durham, NC
Camilo Ramiro Gomez, MD, Birmingham, AL
David Lee Gordon, MD, Pinecrest, FL
Philip Benjamin Gorelick, MD, Lincolnwood, IL
Mark Jeffrey Gorman, MD, New Haven, CT
Bradley P. Grayum, MD, Chester, PA
Robert C. Griggs, MD, Rochester, NY
James C. Grotta, MD, Houston, TX
Michael Guido III MD, Stony Brook, NY
Ruwani Dilrukshi P. Gunawardane, MD, Ellicott City, MD
Dev Raj Gupta, MD, Cresskill, NJ
Christiana Elizabeth Hall, MD, Augusta, GA
Richard Allen Hamer, MD, Longview, TX
Julie Elaine Hammack, MD, Rochester, MN
Maxim Daniel Hammer, MD, Pittsburgh, PA
Daniel Francis Hanley, MD, Baltimore, MD
Robert Glen Hart, MD, San Antonio, TX
Aaron C. Heide, MD, Kent, WA
Ann Katherine Helms, MD, Menomonee Falls, WI
Jeffrey W. Hilburn, MD, Indianapolis, IN
Joshua Hollander, MD, Rochester, NY
Steven Lewis Hoover, MD, Flagstaff, AZ
Susanna Elizabeth Horvath, MD, Brooklyn, NY
Richard Lewis Hughes, MD, Denver, CO
Kachikwu Oseloka Illoh, MD, Galveston, TX
Yevgeniy Isayev, MD, Stroudsburg, PA
Phaniraj Iyengar, MD, Granite Bay, CA
Bradley Scott Jacobs, MD, Detroit, MI
Ahmed Hassan Jafri, MD, Bridgeton, MO
Dara Greaney Jamieson, MD, Penn Valley, PA
Nazli Andaleeb Janjua, MD, New York, NY
Adrian Alberto Jarquin-Valdivia, MD, RDMS, Nashville, TN
Karen Chodack Johnston, MD, Charlottesvle, VA
Sterling Claiborne Johnston, MD, San Francisco, CA
Mouhammed Rami Kabbani, MD, Columbia, MO
Ayeesha Kamran Kamal, MD, Indianapolis, IN
Carlos S. Kase, MD, Boston, MA
Irene Louise Katzan, MD, Fairview Park, OH
Gordon Richard Kelley, MD, Shawnee Mission, KS
Roger E. Kelley Jr MD, Shreveport, LA
Michael Austin Kelly, MD, Riverside, IL
Iftikhar Ali Khan, MD, Saginaw, MI
Iqbal Akhtar Yar Khan, MD, M.S. Columbia, MO
Musaid Ahmed Khan, MD, Lyndhurst, NJ
Lance Yongseog Kim, DO, Ocala, FL
Howard Stephen Kirshner, MD, Nashville, TN
Sebastian Koch, MD, Miami Beach, FL
Walter J. Koroshetz, MD, Boston, MA
Bangaruswamy Vijaya Kumar, MD, Victoria, TX
Eugene Francis Lafranchise, MD, Savannah, GA
Marian Patricia LaMonte, MD, MSN, Baltimore, MD
Dennis M. Landis, MD, Cleveland, OH
Rodney Owen Leacock, MD, Greenville, NC
Nora Sheray Lee, MD, West Hartford, CT
Dana Leifer, MD, New York, NY
Enrique Carlos Leira, MD, Iowa City, IA
Michael Joseph Leslie, MD, Wadsworth, OH
Steven Richard Levine, MD, New York, NY
Steven Lester Lewis, MD, Highland Park, IL
Bernardo Liberato, MD, New York, NY
Richard Benjamin Libman, MD, New Hyde Park, NY
David Sigmund Liebeskind, MD, Los Angeles, CA
Paxton John Longwell, MD, Corpus Christi, TX
George Arthur Lopez, MD, PhD, Houston, TX
For-Shing Lui, MD, Sacramento, CA
Helmi Liia Lutsep, MD, Portland, OR
Gwendolyn Faye Ford Lynch, MD, Uniontown, OH
John Roborg Lynch, MD, Durham, NC
Arshad Majid, MD, Haslett, MI
Salman Nazir Malik, MD, Togus, ME
Marc David Malkoff, MD, Phoenix, AZ
Pitchaiah Mandava, MD, PhD, Houston, TX
Louise Deborah McCullough, MD, PhD, Avon, CT
William Alvin McElveen, MD, Terra Ceia, FL
Robert Edwin McMichael, MD, Arlington, TX
Nydia Margarita Melendez-Brugueras, MD, Guaynabo PR
Steven Lee Meyers, MD, Skokie, IL
Victoria Ann Mifsud, MD, Valletta, Malta
Panayiotis D. Mitsias, MD, Detroit, MI
Jay P. Mohr, MD, New York, NY
Majaz Moonis, MD, MRCP, DM, Shrewsbury, MA
David Francis Moore, MD, PhD, DIC, Winnipeg, MB Canada
Sajjad Mueed, MD, Natchez, MS
William Stuart Musser, MD, Cape May Court House, NJ
Andrew Mark Naidech, MD, Chicago, IL
Thambirajah Nandakumar, MD, Glen Head, NY
Paul Alan Nyquist, MD, MPH, Baltimore, MD
Lenore Concepcion Ocava, MD, Elmhurst, NY
Anne Elizabeth O’Duffy, MD, Nashville, TN
Bruce Izeokhai Ovbiagele, MD, Santa Clarita, CA
Nikolaos I.H. Papamitsakis, MD, Hoboken, NJ
Jennifer Kay Pary, MD, Dakota Dunes, SD
Laura Lee Pedelty, MD, PhD, Chicago, IL
Candice Jean Perkins, MD, Stony Brook, NY
Luther Creed Pettigrew Jr MD, Lexington, KY
Maria Carissa Pineda, MD, Haddonfield, NJ
Paisith Piriyawat, MD, Bangkok, Thailand
Maciej Poltorak, MD, PhD, Greenbelt, MD
William John Powers, MD, Saint Louis, MO
Adnan Iqbal Qureshi, MD, Newark, NJ
Alejandro Abraham Rabinstein, MD, Rochester, MN
Venkatakrishna Rajajee, MD, Chennai, India
Tarakad S. Ramachandran, MD, Jamesville, NY
Atta Ur Rehman, MD, Las Cruces, NM
Merrell D. Reiss, MD, Elk Grove Village, IL
David Anthony Rempe, MD, PhD, Rochester, NY
Jose Gabriel Romano, MD, Miami, FL
Daniel Mark Rosenbaum, MD, Bronx, NY
Steven Henry Rudolph, MD, New York, NY
Sean Duane Ruland, DO, Chicago, IL
Jeffrey Lawrence Saver, MD, Los Angeles, CA
Michael Joel Schneck, MD, Maywood, IL
Alexander Taro Schneider, MD, Asheville, NC
Andreas Peter Schoeck, MD, Bremen, Germany
Magdy Hamed Selim, MD, PhD, Boston, MA
Souvik Sen, MD, Chapel Hill, NC
Pramodkumar Pishorilal Sethi, MD, Greensboro, NC
Zubair Ahmed Shaikh, MD, MBBS, Mount Pleasant, MI
David G. Sherman, MD, San Antonio, TX
Cathy Ann Sila, MD, Cleveland, OH
Brian Silver, MD, Detroit, MI
Isaac Edward Silverman, MD, Hartford, CT
John Randall Sims II, MD, Belmont, MA
Iqbal Singh, MD, Henderson, NC
Andrew P. Slivka, MD, Columbus, OH
Michael Allan Sloan, MD, Charlotte, NC
Don Benson Smith, MD, Englewood, CO
Rodney Duval Soto, MD, Pensacola, FL
Heather Alissa Stanko, MD, Green Bay, WI
Barney Joel Stern, MD, Baltimore, MD
Jose Ignacio Suarez, MD, Bratenahl, OH
Sophia Sundararajan, MD, Concord, OH
Reid DeJarnette Taylor, MD, Asheville, NC
Charles H. Tegeler, MD, Winston Salem, NC
Henry Tellez, MD, Pinehurst, NC
John Brooks Terry, MD, Kansas City, KS
John Stephen Thomas, MD, Cartersville, GA
Gretchen Elizabeth Tietjen, MD, Toledo, OH
David Lawrence Tirschwell, MD, Seattle, WA
Margaret Fairchild Tremwel, MD, Fort Smith, AR
Stanley Tuhrim, MD, New York, NY
Roekchai Tulyapronchote, MD, Bangkok, Thailand
Ken Uchino, MD, Pittsburgh, PA
Victor Cruz Urrutia, MD, Doral, FL
Anand Girish Vaishnav, MD, Lexington, KY
Antenor Pierre Vilceus, MD, Valley Stream, NY
David Zheng Wang, DO, Peoria, IL
Wei Wang, MD, Lafayette, IN
Lawrence Richard Wechsler, MD, Pittsburgh, PA
Jesse Weinberger, MD, Scarsdale, NY
Elzbieta Jadwiga Wirkowski, MD, Glen Cove, NY
Melvin Chung Wah Wong, MD, Aiea, HI
Bradford Burke Worrall, MD, Charlottesvle, VA
Marcella Ann Wozniak, MD, Mount Airy, MD
Wendy Lynn Wright, MD, Atlanta, GA
Chuang-Kuo Wu, MD, PhD, Pawtucket, RI
Andrew Rathnasamy Xavier, MD, Jacksonville, FL
Osama Othman Zaidat, MD, Milwaukee, WI
Pierre George Zalzal, MD, Brooklyn, NY
Richard Marc Zweifler, MD, Mobile, AL
Received July 11, 2005; accepted July 18, 2005.
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