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(Stroke. 2007;38:642.)
© 2007 American Heart Association, Inc.

Inflammation and Stroke: Introduction

Imaging Inflammation in Acute Brain Ischemia

Sebastian Jander, MD; Michael Schroeter, MD Andreas Saleh, MD

From the Departments of Neurology (S.J., M.S.) and Diagnostic Radiology (A.S.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Correspondence to Sebastian Jander, Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. E-mail jander{at}uni-duesseldorf.de

Abstract

Brain inflammation holds promise as a therapeutic target in subacute stages of ischemic stroke. At the cellular level, postischemic inflammation is dominated by cells of the innate immune system with resident microglia/brain macrophages and blood-derived monocytes/macrophages being the most important cell types involved. Iron oxide nanoparticles such as ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) are novel cell-specific contrast agents for MRI. After intravenous injection USPIO is taken up by circulating phagocytic cells. USPIO-laden macrophages cause typical signal changes in MRI of infarcted brain parenchyma, which has been demonstrated in studies of both experimental ischemia and human stroke. USPIO-enhanced MRI may therefore represent an important tool to address the role of macrophages for ischemic lesion development both in basic science and clinical studies.

Key Words: acute stroke • animal models • basic science • inflammation • magnetic resonance

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