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(Stroke. 2007;38:677.)
© 2007 American Heart Association, Inc.

Genomics of Ischemia: Introduction

Genomics of Ischemia

Introduction

Roger P. Simon, MD, Session Chair

From the Dow Neurobiology Lab, Legacy Clinical Research and Technology Center, Portland, OR.

Correspondence to Roger P. Simon, Dow Neurobiology Lab, Legacy Clinical Research and Technology Center, 1225 NE, 2nd Ave (97232), PO box 3950, Portland, OR 97208-3950. E-mail rsimon@downeurobiology.org

An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract.

The quest to understand the neurobiology of ischemic brain injury has relied on the investigational techniques available over the years. Historically, morbid anatomy was the approach used through the midportion of the last century.¹ The establishment of the Journal of Neurochemisty in 1956 marks the assent of tools to understanding brain injury beyond the whole organ level. Cellular and molecular approaches supervened especially after the discovery of apoptosis or programmed cell death by Kerr and colleagues in 1972,² which lead to a focus on cellular and molecular cell death mechanisms. We now know that ischemic cell death is accompanied by transcriptional and translational events that may modulate ischemic injury. The induction of death-inducing gene products, such as the caspases, and the regulation of prosurvival gene products, such as antiapoptotic bcl-2 family genes, are now well known.³ More broad-based approaches to gene modulation in disease, such as subtractive hybridization libraries, have been used to discover unanticipated changes in gene expression during ischemia. With the cloning of the mouse genome, screening of complete gene expression patterns became a reality. Affymetrix chips now make it possible to use a single array to survey expression from 40 000 gene transcripts simultaneously. Gene array experiments can now capture "snapshots" of dynamic cellular processes at particular times and under particular conditions. These expression patterns can then be reconstructed into a dynamic model of a cell or an entire organ. Although genome-wide expression profiling offers unparalleled data acquisition, it also presents new and daunting challenges in data . . . [Full Text of this Article]