Published online before print April 12, 2007, doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.477448
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(Stroke. 2007;38:1864.)
© 2007 American Heart Association, Inc.
Original Contributions |
Recovery of Cognitive Function After Surgery for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
From the Department of Anesthesiology (S.K.S.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor; the Department of Psychiatry (B.G., A.F.C.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor; the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials Data Management Center in the College of Public Health (W.R.C.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Emergency Medicine (P.A.S.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor; the Department of Neurology (S.A.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City; the Department of Neurosurgery (B.G.T.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor; and the Department of Anesthesia (M.M.T.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City.
Correspondence to Satwant K. Samra, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1H247 University Hospital, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0048. E-mail satsam{at}umich.edu
Background and Purpose— Abnormalities in neurocognitive function are common after surgery for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, even among patients with good functional outcomes. The time course of neurocognitive recovery, along with the long-term effects of mild intraoperative hypothermia (33°C) and aneurysm location, is unknown. We determined these in a subset of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients enrolled in the Intraoperative Hypothermia for Aneurysm Surgery Trial (IHAST).
Methods— We performed a longitudinal, multicenter, prospective, blinded study of adult IHAST patients with a Glasgow Outcome Score=1 or 2 (independent function), 3 months postsurgery and a matched control group (n=45). Subjects were tested with a 5-test cognitive function battery and standard neurological evaluations at 3, 9 and 15 months postsurgery. The primary outcome measure was a composite score on cognitive test performance.
Results— There were 303 IHAST patients available for inclusion: 218 eligible, 185 enrolled (89 hypothermic, 96 normothermic). Significant cognitive improvement was noted from 3 to 9 (P<0.001) and 3 to 15 (P<0.001) months in both hypothermic and normothermic groups, even after adjusting for practice effects observed in the control group. No significant change was identified between 9 and 15 months. Neither mild hypothermia nor aneurysm location (anterior communicating artery versus others) had a significant effect on recovery over time or frequency of cognitive impairment. Compared with control group, the frequency of cognitive impairment (Z score <–1.96) in all patients at 3, 9 and 15 months was 36%, 26% and 23%, respectively.
Conclusions— In this population, cognitive improvement continued beyond 3 months, with a plateau between 9 and 15 months. This was not affected by the use of intraoperative hypothermia or anatomical location of aneurysm.
Key Words: clinical trial • cognitive function • intracranial aneurysm • neuropsychological testing • subarachnoid hemorrhage
Related Article:
Stroke 2007 38: 1724-1725.