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(Stroke. 2008;39:492.)
© 2008 American Heart Association, Inc.

Case Reports

Global Hemispheric CT Hypoperfusion May Differentiate Headache With Associated Neurological Deficits and Lymphocytosis From Acute Stroke

Jacqueline A. Pettersen, MD, MSc, FRCPC; Richard I. Aviv, MBChB, FRCR(UK); Sandra E. Black, MD, FRCPC; Allan J. Fox, MD, FRCPC; Andrew Lim, MD Brian J. Murray, MD, FRCPC

From the LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit and Heart and Stroke Foundation Centre for Stroke Recovery (J.A.P., S.E.B.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; the Neuroscience Research Program (J.A.P., R.I.A., S.E.B., A.J.F., B.J.M.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (J.A.P., S.E.B., A.L., B.J.M.) and Department of Medical Imaging (R.I.A., A.J.F.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Correspondence to Jacqueline A. Pettersen, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, A421-2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5. E-mail jacqui.pettersen@utoronto.ca

Key Words: acute stroke • CT • CT perfusion • HaNDL syndrome • headaches • oligemia

An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract.

Headache with associated neurological deficits and lymphocytosis (HaNDL) is characterized by temporary recurrent neurological deficits, moderate–severe headache, cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis, elevated protein, and increased opening pressure.¹ Although CT and MRI should be normal, single photon emission CT may indicate focal hypoperfusion and electroencephalogram may reveal slowing or even epileptiform activity² resolving once the patient is symptom-free (3 months). Catheter angiography also yields normal results but may trigger an acute neurological episode.^3,4

Because HaNDL is a benign, self-limited syndrome, it is important to differentiate it from cerebrovascular disease to avoid unnecessary interventions such as catheter angiography and thrombolysis. We present a case initially thought to be acute stroke in which the patient was considered for thrombolysis. CT perfusion changes atypical for stroke made stroke diagnosis questionable and thrombolysis was withheld.

Case Report

A 31-year-old man with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and sleep apnea (treated with continuous positive airway pressure), but no history of prior migraine, was brought into our emergency department by ambulance with suspected acute ischemic stroke. He had become aphasic at work so his coworkers called 911. On examination, he was globally aphasic without focal weakness or obvious sensory changes aside from questionable mild right facial paresis (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 6). A noncontrast CT and CT angiogram (CTA) were normal, but CT perfusion revealed a striking pattern of decreased and delayed perfusion to the entire left hemisphere (Figure A). Compared with the right hemisphere, there was a reduction in cerebral blood flow and volume to 80% and 95%, . . . [Full Text of this Article]