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(Stroke. 2008;39:1262.)
© 2008 American Heart Association, Inc.

Original Contributions

Blocking of Platelets or Intrinsic Coagulation Pathway–Driven Thrombosis Does Not Prevent Cerebral Infarctions Induced by Photothrombosis

Christoph Kleinschnitz, MD; Stefan Braeuninger, MD; Mirko Pham, MD; Madeleine Austinat, PhD; Ingo Nölte, MD; Thomas Renné, MD, PhD; Bernhard Nieswandt, PhD; Martin Bendszus, MD Guido Stoll, MD

From the Departments of Neurology (C.K., S.B., M.A., G.S.), Neuroradiology (M.P., I.N., M.B.), Clinical Biochemistry and Pathophysiology (T.R., B.N.), and the Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (B.N.), University of Würzburg, Germany.

Correspondence to Guido Stoll, MD, Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany. E-mail stoll_g{at}klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de

Background and Purpose— Models of photochemically-induced thrombosis are widely used in cerebrovascular research. Photothrombotic brain infarctions can be induced by systemic application of photosensitizing dyes followed by focal illumination of the cerebral cortex. Although the ensuing activation of platelets is well established, their contribution for thrombosis and tissue damage has not formally been proved.

Methods— Infarction to the cerebral cortex was induced in mice by Rose Bengal and a cold light source. To assess the functional role of platelets, animals were platelet-depleted by anti-GPIb antibodies or treated with GPIIb/IIIa-blocking F(ab)₂ fragments. The significance of the plasmatic coagulation cascade was determined by using blood coagulation factor XII (FXII)-deficient mice or heparin. Infarct development and infarct volumes were determined by serial MRI and conventional and electron microscopy.

Results— There was no difference in development and final size of photothrombotic infarctions in mice with impaired platelet function. Moreover, deficiency of FXII, which initiates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation and is essential for thrombus formation, or blockade of FXa, the key protease during the waterfall cascade of plasmatic coagulation, by heparin likewise did not affect lesion development.

Conclusions— Our data demonstrate that platelet activation, factor XII–driven thrombus formation, and plasmatic coagulation pathways downstream of FX are not a prerequisite for ensuing tissue damage in models of photothrombotic vessel injury indicating that other pathomechanisms are involved. We suggest that this widely used model does not depend on platelet- or plasmatic coagulation-derived thrombosis.

Key Words: coagulation factor XII • GPIb • GPIIb/IIIa • photothrombosis • platelets